Document of
The World Bank
Report No:
PROJECT DOCUMENT
ON A
PROPOSED grant from the
global environment facility trust fund
IN THE AMOUNT OF USD 3.00 MILLION
TO THE
World Fish Center (otherwise known as ICLARM, the International Center for Living Aquatic Resource Management)
International Center for Agricultural Research in The DryAreas
African centre for technology studies
And
inter-american institute for cooperation on agriculture
FOR AN
INTERNATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT (IAASTD)
PROJECT
March 6, 2006
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS
All Transactions in US Dollars
FISCAL YEAR
July 1 / – / June 30ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
ASARECA Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in East and Central Africa
ACTS African Centre for Technology Studies
CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
CSD Commission on Sustainable Development
CTA Center for Rural and Technical Cooperation
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
GBA Global Biodiversity Assessment
GEF Global Environment Facility
GFAR Global Forum for Agricultural Research
IA Implementing Agency for the Global Environment Facility
IAASTD International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development
IAC InterAcademy Council
ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
ICLARM International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management
ICRW International Center for Research on Women
ICSU International Council for Science
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFOAM International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements
IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute
IICA Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture
IPCC International Panel on Climate Change
IUCN World Conservation Union
KARI Kyrgyz Agricultural Research Institute
KST Knowledge, science and technology
MA Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
MEA Multilateral Environment Agreement
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
NGO Non-governmental organization
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OP GEF Operational Program
Ramsar Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
RII Recipient Implementing Institution
SOFI State of Food Insecurity
TWAS Third World Academy of Sciences
UNCBD United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity
UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
UNDP United Nations Development Program
UNEP United Nations Environment Program
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNFCCC Framework Convention on Climate Change
WFC World Fish Center (otherwise known as ICLARM)
WHO World Health Organization
WSSD World Summit on Sustainable Development
Vice President: / Shigeo KatsuCountry Manager/Director: / Ian Johnson
Sector Manager: / Juergen Voegele
Task Team Leader: / Robert Watson
GLOBAL
INTERNATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT (IAASTD)
Contents
Page
A. STRATEGIC CONTEXT AND RATIONALE……………………………………...1
1. Global Significance of the Agricultural Sector………………………………………....1
2. Rationale for Bank involvement………………………………………………….……..2
3. Higher level objectives to which the project contributes…………………………….....4
B. PROJECT DESCRIPTION…………………………………………..…….………...4
1. Lending instrument……………………………………………………………...……...4
2. Project development objective and key indicators (for details, see Annex 3)….………5
3. Project components ………………………………………………………….………6
5. Lessons learned and reflected in the project design………………………….……..….8
6. Alternatives considered and reasons for rejection…………………………….………..9
C. IMPLEMENTATION…………………………………………………………...... 10
1. Partnership arrangements……………………………………………………….…….10
2. Institutional and implementation arrangements (see Annex 6 for more details)…..…10
3. Monitoring and evaluation of outcomes/results (see Annex 3 for details)…….……..11
4. Sustainability & Replicability…………………………………………………..….…12
5. Critical risks and possible controversial aspects…………………………….….….…13
6. Loan/credit conditions and covenants …………………………………………..….…14
D. APPRAISAL SUMMARY…………………………………………………….…...14
1. Economic and financial analyses…………………………………………………….14
2. Technical ………………………………………………………………………….....15
3. Fiduciary (See Annexes 7 and 8 for information on the Financial Management and Procurement Assessments, respectively)………………………………….………….15
4. Social………………………………………………………………………………....16
5. Environment……………………………………………………………………….....17
6. Safeguard policies…………………………………………………………..………..17
7. Policy Exceptions and Readiness………………………………………………..…...17
Annex 1: Country and Sector or Program Background………………………………….18
Annex 2: Major Related Projects Financed by the Bank and/or other Agencies……….20
Annex 3: Results Framework and Monitoring (Log Frame)…………...... 23
Annex 4: Detailed Project Description…………………….………………………...... 37
Annex 5: Project Costs………………………………………………………………...... 41
Annex 6: Implementation Arrangements…………………………………………...... 50
Annex 7: Financial Management and Disbursement Arrangements…………………….52
Annex 8: Procurement Arrangements……………………………………………………..55
Annex 9: Economic and Financial Analysis……………………………………………….56
Annex 10: Safeguard Policy Issues……………………………………………….………..69
Annex 11: Project Preparation and Supervision…………………………………..……..70
Annex 12: Documents in the Project File…………………………………………..….….71
Annex 13: Report of IAASTD First Plenary Meeting– Nairobi ………………...... 72
Annex 14: Report of the IAASTD Bureau II Meeting– Montpelier………………...…...80
Annex 15: Relevance of IAASTD to GEF Operational Programs (OPs) and to
Workplans of Multilateral Environmental Agreements……………………………..…..86
Annex 16: Principles and Procedures Governing the International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development …………………………...... 89
Annex 17: IAASTD Project Work Plan 2006 – 2008………………………………..…..98
6
GLOBAL
INTERNATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT (IAASTD) PROJECT
PROJECT DOCUMENT
Date: March 6, 2006Country Director: Ian Johnson
Sector Manager/Director: J.Voegele/K.Cleaver
Project ID: P090963
Focal Area: Multifocal
Lending Instrument: Grant / Team Leader: Robert Watson
Sectors: General agriculture, (100%);
Themes: Biodiversity; Land Management ; Climate Change and Multi-focal
Project Financing Data
[ ] / Loan / [ ] / Credit / [X] / Grant / [ ] / Guarantee / [ ] / Other:
For Loans/Credits/Others:
Total Project Cost (US$m.): / 10.510
Cofinancing: / 7.510
Total Bank/GEF Financing (US$m.): / 3.000
Financing Plan (US$m)
Source / Local / Foreign / Total
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY / 3.000 / 3.000
OTHER COFINANCIERS / 7.510 / 7.510
Total: / 10.510 / 10.510
Grantees:
The World Fish Center (otherwise known as ICLARM), the African Center for Technology Studies, the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture
Project Implementation Period: April 15, 2006 to June 30, 2008
Start: April 15, 2006
Does the project depart from the CAS in content or other significant respects? Ref. PAD A.3 / ○Yes X No
Does the project require any exceptions from Bank policies? Ref. PAD D.7
Have these been approved by Bank management?
Is approval for any policy exception sought from the Board? / ○Yes X No
○Yes ○No
○Yes X No
Does the project include any critical risks rated “substantial” or “high”?
Ref. PAD C.5 / ○Yes X No
Does the project meet the Regional criteria for readiness for implementation? Ref. PAD D.7 / XYes ○No
Project development objective Ref. PAD B.2, Annex 3
The objective of the proposed project is to improve access to agricultural KST that will promote and facilitate sustainable agricultural practices, with the goal of reducing hunger and poverty, improving rural livelihoods, and health, and facilitating equitable, environmentally, socially and economically sustainable development.
Project description [one-sentence summary of each component] Ref. PAD B.3.a, Annex 4
1. Develop a Conceptual Framework and set of annotated outlines for the global and sub-global assessments on the role of agricultural KST in reducing hunger and poverty, improving rural livelihoods and health, and facilitating equitable, environmentally, socially and economically sustainable development;
2. Prepare, peer review and approve a global assessment on the role of agricultural science and technology for development, comprised of four sections: (i) Context and Concepts; (ii) Plausible Futures; and (iii) Options for Making AKST work more effectively to achieve the development and sustainability goals: technologies and capacity and (iv) Options for making AKST work more effectively to achieve the development and sustainability goals: investment and policy;
3. Prepare, peer review and approve five sub-global assessments on the role of agricultural science and technology for development (Central and West Asia and North Africa; East and South Asia and the Pacific; Latin America and the Caribbean; North America and Europe; and Sub-Saharan Africa);
4. Develop and implement a comprehensive outreach and communications strategy; and
5. Implement an effective project management and administration strategy to support the intergovernmental process with a multi-stakeholder Bureau.
Which safeguard policies are triggered, if any? Ref. PAD D.6, Annex 10 - None
[Imported from the PAD main text]
Significant, non-standard conditions, if any, for:
Ref. PAD C.6
Board presentation: - None
Loan/credit effectiveness: - None
Covenants applicable to project implementation: - None
A. STRATEGIC CONTEXT AND RATIONALE
1. Global Significance of the Agricultural Sector
Today, access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food is the primary problem for nearly 800 million chronically undernourished people, the vast majority of whom live in rural areas in developing countries. In addition, the GDP of many developing countries, especially in Africa, is highly dependent on the agricultural sector. As the global population increases to 8-10 billion and as food preferences in the developing world change with rapid urbanization and increased per capita income, the demand for food is projected to double within the next 25-50 years,[1] primarily in developing countries. The majority of the world’s people depend on agriculture, directly or indirectly, for their livelihoods. Hence, the global community confronts the enormous task of ensuring nutritional security and enhancing rural livelihoods while reversing environmental degradation, redressing social and gender inequity, and ensuring human health and well-being (Annex 1).
Agricultural intensification has the capacity to enormously improve and increase productivity, however, it can also result in severe environmental consequences. Some breeding techniques and adoption of high-yielding varieties can lead to erosion of genetic resources; changes in land cover can result in soil erosion, and consequently the loss of essential nutrients and decreased water-holding capacity; pesticides may kill natural predators and beneficial insects; fertilizer and pesticide applications can contaminate surface and ground water; and intensification can result in increased greenhouse gas emissions, such as methane and nitrous oxide, into the atmosphere, with significant implications for the earth’s climate. In agricultural ecosystems, trace elements and organic matter may be lost, leading to an inexorable decline in soil quality unless environmentally sound agricultural practices are mainstreamed into the productive landscape.
Lost, eroded and/or contaminated resources may complicate meeting the projected increase in demand for agricultural products in some countries during the coming decades, but in many developing countries, sub-optimal inputs remain a primary production constraint and hence nutrient overloading is not a problem. In these countries, fertilizer responsive crop varieties and improved methodologies are needed to effectively prevent soil mining and nutrient depletion.
There are however, some other critical environmental and social factors facing the developing world that may directly impede efforts to meet the projected demand for agricultural products. These include less water available for crops due to an increase in use by other sectors; less arable land due to urbanization and unsustainable agricultural practices; less labor due to HIV/AIDS and rural to urban migration; increased levels of acid deposition and tropospheric ozone; and a changing climate with warmer temperatures, increasing variability of precipitation and more extreme events.
To ensure the sustainability of the natural resource foundation and biodiversity on which agricultural production (crop, livestock, fishery, forest, fiber and biomass) and hence, rural livelihoods and nutritional security depend, will require that decision makers better understand the economic, environmental, ethical and social considerations surrounding agricultural knowledge, science and technology (AKST) and related policies. For example, some key intermediary/intervening factors in agricultural production systems – markets, social norms and customs (gender and ethnicity) – often determine resource ownership and control, and consequently nutritional security.
The overall challenge is a better understanding by those who make decisions on agricultural, environmental and macroeconomic policy, at both the national and international levels, in both developed and developing countries, of agricultural practices that are sustainable, economically viable and environmentally positive. This better understanding can result in policies and institutional arrangements that facilitate, rather than obstruct, the implementation of sustainable agriculture practices and advances in science and technology that contribute to more sustainable practices, and improve the overall performance of the agricultural sector.
2. Rationale for Bank and GEF involvement
Recognizing the significant role of agriculture in the economies of developing countries, the World Bank held a number of meetings between 2001 and mid-2002, with the leaders in the private sector and in civil society to discuss some of the prominent issues in agricultural science and technology. Participants shared their views on how to advance the role of agricultural science and technology in meeting future challenges to nutritional security and agricultural productivity in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner. Some suggested that a comprehensive, multidisciplinary assessment of issues critical to policy formulation would have great value for decision makers confronting conflicting views on a number of issues concerning agricultural science and technology, practices, policies and institutional effectiveness.
Recognizing how important such an international assessment could be to achieving the Millennium Development Goals of eradicating extreme hunger and poverty and ensuring environmental sustainability, in August 2002, FAO and the World Bank announced at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg a global consultative process on a proposed international assessment of the role of agricultural knowledge science and technology in reducing hunger, improving rural livelihoods and stimulating environmentally sustainable economic growth over the coming decades.
Participating in the IAASTD is fully compatible with the overall mission of the World Bank, i.e., fighting poverty and hunger, the role of the World Bank as an Implementing Agency (IA) in the GEF, as the major contributor to the CGIAR, and as a major lender for agricultural S&T (Annex 2). It is also fully consistent with the World Bank Rural Development strategy and with the World Bank Environment strategy. As the IA, the Bank brings a unique strength to the Project by virtue of the trust it developed among stakeholders during the consultative process and by its convening power and ability to engage policymakers and key decision makers in developing countries. The Bank also brings its role as an invaluable resource for promoting investment opportunities in agricultural science and technology and mobilizing private sector, bilateral, multilateral, and other government and non-government sector resources in efforts that are consistent with GEF objectives and national sustainable development strategies. This Project will enhance the capacity of the World Bank to assist its member countries to better conserve and sustainably use their biological diversity, reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases, manage their land, ecosystems and shared water bodies more sustainably.
The GEF intervention will provide the knowledge base for implementing the agricultural dimension of MDG 7 on ensuring environmental sustainability, especially for target number 1 to integrate the principles of environmental sustainability into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources. The IAASTD will also provide invaluable information with respect to the hunger and poverty MDGs and the the agricultural element of the thematic cluster of issues for the multi-year programme of work of the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) for 2008/2009. In addition, the findings of the IAASTD will provide invaluable information for 12 GEF Operational Programs (see Table 1 below). The GEF intervention will also support the implementation of agricultural KST relevant aspects of the Multilateral Environmental Agreements such as the United Nations Convention on Biodiversity (CBD), United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD) and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and will help mainstream environmental considerations in agriculture.