Electronic supplementary material
Groundwater arsenic removal using granular TiO2: Integrated laboratory and field study
Jinli Cuia · Jingjing Dua · Siwu Yub · Chuanyong Jinga, * · Tingshan Chanc, *
aState Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
bGuizhou Electric Power Testing & Research Institute, Guiyang, 550002, P. R. China
cNational Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, HsinChu, 300, Taiwan
*Corresponding author: Chuanyong Jing
Tel: +86 10 6284 9523
Fax: +86 10 6284 9523
E-mail:
*Co-corresponding author: Tingshan Chan
Tel: +886 3 578 0281 Ext. 7304
Fax: +886 3 578 3805
E-mail:
1
Table S1 Summary of As removal from geogenic groundwater using granular adsorbents in column studiesa
Media / EBCT (min) / Media mass / BV10 / q(BV10) (mg/g) / As(III) (μg/L) / As(V) (μg/L) / Total As (μg/L) / Silica / P(μg/L) / Alkalinity (mgCaCO3/L) / Ca / Mg / Fe / pH / ReferenceGTiO2 / 0.11 / 25.2 / 0 / 0 / 374 / 291 / 665 / 8.9 / - / 387 / 38.3 / 100 / 0.47 / 8.2 / This study
GTiO2 / 0.22 / 26.7 / 158 / 0.13 / 374 / 291 / 665 / 8.9 / - / 387 / 38.3 / 100 / 0.47 / 8.2 / This study
GTiO2 / 0.32 / 27.9 / 247 / 0.18 / 374 / 291 / 665 / 8.9 / - / 387 / 38.3 / 100 / 0.47 / 8.2 / This study
GTiO2 / 0.54 / 28.5 / 527 / 0.4 / 374 / 291 / 665 / 8.9 / - / 387 / 38.3 / 100 / 0.47 / 8.2 / This study
GTiO2 / 1.08 / 33.6 / 968 / 0.96 / 374 / 291 / 665 / 8.9 / - / 387 / 38.3 / 100 / 0.47 / 8.2 / This study
GTiO2 / 5 / 1000 / 843 / 0.58 / 374 / 291 / 665 / 8.9 / - / 387 / 38.3 / 100 / 0.47 / 8.2 / This study
GTiO2 / 10.1 / 374 / 291 / 665 / 8.9 / - / 387 / 38.3 / 100 / 0.47 / 8.2 / This study
GTiO2 / 7.8 / 374 / 291 / 665 / 8.9 / - / 387 / 38.3 / 100 / 0.47 / 8.2 / This study
TiO2 / 2.5 / 8.4 / 3460 / 0.29 / 56 / 14 / 70 / 33 / 20 / 36 / 16 / 7.3 / (Hao et al. 2009)
TiO2 granulates / 3 / 41500 / 2.8 / 52 / 52 / 21 / <0.01 / 41 / 26 / 7.67-8.36 / (Bang et al. 2011)
TiO2 granulates / 3 / 45000 / 1.7 / 43 / 43 / 21 / 210 / 41 / 26 / <0.02 / (Bang et al. 2005)
TiO2 granulates / 0.97 / 32000 / 19 / 19 / 7.7-8.2 / (Gupta et al. 2010)
MetsorbG / 0.48 / 15.8 / 21000 / 0.6 / 43 / 43 / 3.7 / 15 / 87 / 30 / 0.005 / 7.2 / (USEPA 2008)
MetsorbG / 0.28 / 1.5 / 15000 / 0.51 / 28 / 28 / 25 / <0.1 / 8 / (Hristovski et al. 2007)
MetSorbG / 5 / 2.8 / 14000 / 0.2 / 25 / 25 / 7.8 / (Westerhoff et al. 2006)
MetsorbG / 0.57 / 9.4 / 16000 / 0.2 / 21.5 / 21.5 / NA / 54 / 342 / 54 / 0.038 / 7.7 / (USEPA 2008)
Adsorbia GTO / 0.57 / 7 / 4000 / 0.2 / 51 / 51 / 10.7 / 162 / 83 / 5.1 / 0.009 / 7.4 / (USEPA 2008)
Adsorbia GTO / 0.38 / 4.5 / 10000 / 22.5 / 13 / 35.5 / 5.1 / 24 / 64 / 16 / <0.025 / 8.5 / (USEPA 2008)
Adsorbia GTO / 0.48 / 7.9 / 16000 / 0.5 / 43 / 43 / 3.7 / 15 / 87 / 30 / 0.005 / 7.2 / (USEPA 2008)
Adsorbia GTO / 0.38 / 4.5 / 12500 / 0.4 / 0.8 / 40.2 / 41 / 5.1 / 33 / 69 / 18 / <0.025 / 8.6 / (USEPA 2008)
Adsorbsia GTO / 0.1 / 1.6 / 5288 / 0.12 / 28 / 28 / 25 / <0.1 / 8 / (Hristovski et al. 2007)
Adsorbsia GTO / 0.25 / 3.8 / 7755 / 0.07 / 28 / 28 / 25 / <0.1 / 8 / (Hristovski et al. 2007)
Adsorbsia GTO / 0.28 / 2.2 / 29000 / 0.34 / 28 / 28 / 25 / <0.1 / 8 / (Hristovski et al. 2007)
Adsorbsia GTO / 0.5 / 4 / 10575 / 0.09 / 28 / 28 / 25 / <0.1 / 8 / (Hristovski et al. 2007)
Adsorbia GTO / 0.57 / 9.4 / 22000 / 0.3 / 1.5 / 1.5 / NA / 54 / 342 / 54 / 0.038 / 7.7 / (USEPA 2008)
TiO2 pillared montmorillonite / 2 / 3.7 / 10500 / 1.34 / 96 / 24 / 120 / 8.0-8.2 / (Li et al. 2012)
TiO2 pillared montmorillonite / 2 / 3.7 / 5800 / 1.35 / 170 / 50 / 220 / 8.0-8.2 / (Li et al. 2012)
TiO2 pillared montmorillonite / 2 / 3.7 / 4300 / 1.87 / 320 / 90 / 410 / 8.0-8.2 / (Li et al. 2012)
GFH / 0.55 / 18.8 / >23000 / >1 / 64 / 1.5 / 65.5 / 2.8 / 51 / 505 / 57 / 1420 / 8.1 / (USEPA 2008)
GFH / 0.5 / 16.1 / 52000 / 2 / 1 / 61 / 62 / 12.6 / 23 / 370 / 79 / 0.003 / 7.5 / (USEPA 2008)
GFH / 0.68 / 19.8 / 11000 / 0.4 / 51 / 51 / 10.7 / 162 / 83 / 5.1 / 0.009 / 7.4 / (USEPA 2008)
GFH / 2.5 / 3.8 / 3300 / 0.28 / 50 / 50 / 22 / 156 / 8.8 / (Westerhoff et al. 2005)
GFH / 2.5 / 3.8 / 24000 / 2.02 / 50 / 50 / 22 / 156 / 7.6 / (Westerhoff et al. 2005)
GFH / 0.22 / 6.4 / 23000 / 0.61 / 0.8 / 40.2 / 41 / 5.1 / 33 / 69 / 18 / <0.025 / 8.6 / (USEPA 2008)
GFH / 0.22 / 6.4 / 36000 / 22.5 / 13 / 35.5 / 5.1 / 24 / 64 / 16 / <0.025 / 8.5 / (USEPA 2008)
GFH / 0.58 / 19.4 / 50000 / 1.4 / 43 / 43 / 3.7 / 15 / 87 / 30 / 0.005 / 7.2 / (USEPA 2008)
GFH / 0.5 / 16.9 / 48000 / 1.2 / 0.5 / 39.5 / 40 / 8.4 / 19 / 160 / 40 / 0.004 / 7.8 / (USEPA 2008)
GFH / 5 / 7.23 / 30000 / 1.68 / 33 / 33 / 39 / 128 / 7.7 / (Westerhoff et al. 2005)
GFH / 0.5 / 7.32 / 28000 / 0.39 / 25 / 25 / 7.8 / (Westerhoff et al. 2006)
GFH / 5 / 100000 / 18000 / 0.2 / 33 / 33 / 39 / 14 / 175 / 56 / 12 / 0.078 / 7.7 / (Westerhoff et al. 2006)
GFH / 5 / 91314 / 70000 / 0.85 / 13 / 13 / 34 / 195 / 7.5 / (Westerhoff et al. 2005)
GFH / 2.5 / 31399 / 1500 / 0.07 / 50 / 50 / 22 / 156 / 8.8 / (Westerhoff et al. 2005)
GFH / 6.2 / 8000 / 51 / 51 / 10.7 / 162 / 83 / 5.1 / 0.009 / 7.4 / (USEPA 2008)
GFH / 3 / 20900 / 52 / 52 / 21 / <0.01 / 41 / 26 / 7.8-8.1 / (Bang et al. 2011)
GFO / 3 / 58000 / 52 / 52 / 21 / <0.01 / 41 / 26 / 7.48-8.08 / (Bang et al. 2011)
E33 / 0.55 / 17.9 / 11000 / 1 / 64 / 1.5 / 65.5 / 2.8 / 51 / 505 / 57 / 1420 / 8.1 / (USEPA 2008)
E33 / 0.5 / 16.1 / 40000 / 1.8 / 1 / 61 / 62 / 12.6 / 23 / 370 / 79 / 0.003 / 7.5 / (USEPA 2008)
E33 / 0.58 / 19.4 / 44000 / 1.4 / 43 / 43 / 3.7 / 15 / 87 / 30 / 0.005 / 7.2 / (USEPA 2008)
E33 / 0.5 / 16.1 / 44000 / 1.1 / 0.5 / 39.5 / 40 / 8.4 / 19 / 160 / 40 / 0.004 / 7.8 / (USEPA 2008)
E33 / 0.5 / 5.7 / >34000 / 0.71 / 25 / 25 / 7.8 / (Westerhoff et al. 2006)
E33 / 0.22 / 5.7 / 20000 / 0.62 / 0.8 / 40.2 / 41 / 5.1 / 33 / 69 / 18 / <0.025 / 8.6 / (USEPA 2008)
E33 / 0.33 / 8 / 25000 / 0.4 / 21.5 / 21.5 / NA / 54 / 342 / 54 / 0.038 / 7.7 / (USEPA 2008)
E33 / 5 / 4700 / 64 / 1.5 / 65.5 / 2.8 / 51 / 505 / 57 / 1420 / 8.1 / (USEPA 2008)
E33 / 5 / 100000 / 54000 / 0.59 / 33 / 33 / 39 / 14 / 175 / 56 / 12 / 0.078 / 7.7 / (Westerhoff et al. 2006)
E33 / 4.5 / 40000 / 1.2 / 1 / 61 / 62 / 12.6 / 23 / 370 / 79 / 0.003 / 7.5 / (USEPA 2008)
Fe-sand / 1 / 33.2 / 2400 / 0.3 / 170.3 / 170.3 / - / - / - / - / 1.2 / 2.1 / 7.4 / (Thirunavukkarasu et al. 2003)
Fe-loaded rock / 4.1 / 48 / 474 / 0.01 / 40 / 40 / - / 1540 / 30 / 3.56 / 2.44 / 0.123 / 7.5 / (Maji et al. 2012)
Fe coated sponge / 6 / 336 / 0.62 / 156 / 156 / 15 / 1.5 / 1.5 / 6.2 / (Nguyen et al. 2006)
Fe coated sponge / 8 / 263 / 0.49 / 156 / 156 / 15 / 1.5 / 1.5 / 6.2 / (Nguyen et al. 2006)
Fe coated sponge / 6 / 168 / 0.11 / 56 / 56 / NA / NA / 1.2 / 2.1 / (Nguyen et al. 2006)
Fe coated sponge / 8 / 189 / 0.13 / 56 / 56 / NA / NA / 1.2 / 2.1 / (Nguyen et al. 2006)
HFO-coated GAC / 1 / 12000 / 1.39 / 45 / 15 / 60 / 12.5 / 70.3 / 59 / 11.3 / 7.6-8.0 / (Jang et al. 2008)
Mn-HFO / 105 / 105 / 313.1 / 97.96 / 16.7 / 0.08 / 7.4 / (Gupta et al. 2010)
Fe-Ce adsorbent / 11500 / 6 / 71 / 71 / 15 / 0.7 / 7.8 / (Dou et al. 2006)
Fe residual solids / 12.5 / 43 / 43 / 24.9 / 8.1 / (Gibbons and Gagnon 2010)
Z33 / 0.5 / 14.9 / 10000 / 0.05 / 25 / 25 / 7.8 / (Westerhoff et al. 2006)
Z33 / 5 / 100000 / 10000 / 0.16 / 33 / 33 / 39 / 14 / 175 / 56 / 12 / 0.078 / 7.7 / (Westerhoff et al. 2006)
FS50 (Fe-Al) / 0.5 / 2.8 / 6000 / 0.04 / 25 / 25 / 7.8 / (Westerhoff et al. 2006)
AAFS50 / 0.75 / 25.6 / 2500 / 0.05 / 64 / 1.5 / 65.5 / 2.8 / 51 / 505 / 57 / 1420 / 8.1 / (USEPA 2008)
AAFS50 / 0.68 / 23.1 / a few thousand / 0.13 / 1 / 61 / 62 / 12.6 / 23 / 370 / 79 / 0.003 / 7.5 / (USEPA 2008)
AAFS50 / 0.3 / 8.7 / 6700 / 0.19 / 0.8 / 40.2 / 41 / 5.1 / 33 / 69 / 18 / <0.025 / 8.6 / (USEPA 2008)
AAFS50 / 4.5 / 7000 / 0.12 / 0.5 / 39.5 / 40 / 8.4 / 19 / 160 / 40 / 0.004 / 7.8 / (USEPA 2008)
AAFS50 / 5 / 650 / 64 / 1.5 / 65.5 / 2.8 / 51 / 505 / 57 / 1420 / 8.1 / (USEPA 2008)
AA / 2.5 / 8.6 / 800 / 0.07 / 56 / 14 / 70 / 33 / 20 / 36 / 16 / 7.3 / (Hao et al. 2009)
AA / 3 / 2000 / 52 / 52 / 21 / <0.01 / 41 / 26 / (Westerhoff et al. 2005)
AA-SH / 2.5 / 9.6 / 3100 / 0.23 / 56 / 14 / 70 / 33 / 20 / 36 / 16 / 7.3 / (Hao et al. 2009)
MAA / 3 / 7300 / 52 / 52 / 21 / <0.01 / 41 / 26 / 7.8-8.3 / (Bang et al. 2011)
Treated laterite / 3 / 32.5 / 3000 / 1.17 / 170 / 215 / 385 / 40 / 700 / 543 / 6.9-7.4 / (Maji et al. 2012)
Acid-acitivated laterite / 133 / 20 / 0.01 / 52.00 / 52 / 22 / 700 / 0.54 / 7.8 / (Maiti et al. 2010b)
Treated laterite / 12960 / >900 / 0.1667 / 250.0000 / 250 / 645-650 / 270-290 / 3.0-7.0 / 3.0-5.0 / 0.3-1.01 / 7.1-7.2 / (Maiti et al. 2013a)
Treated laterite / 2080 / 2000 / 1.92 / 1027 / 1027d / 20-30 / 600-1000 / 610-650 / 200-250 / <0.03 / 2.5-4.5 / 7.4-7.8 / (Maiti et al. 2010a)
Fe-mineral and limestone / 870 / 1594 / 0.3 / 400.0 / 400 / (Shan et al. 2013)
Modified granular natural siderite / 45 / 110 / 580 / 85.4 / 665.4 / 2.63 / ND / 8.38 / (Zhao et al. 2014)
Natural siderite / 78.5 / 99.8 / 0.01 / 330.00 / 330 / 2420 / 213 / 7.2 / (Maji et al. 2008)
Iron-Mn binary oxides / 1.5 / 40 / 129 / 214 / 343 / 32.3 / 173.7 / 0.25 / 7.86 / (Kong et al. 2013)
Iron-Mn binary oxides / 1.5 / 40 / 145 / 176 / 321 / 22 / 25.3 / 3.47 / 7.54 / (Maiti et al. 2010a)
Media / EBCT (min) / Media mass / BV10 / q(BV10) (mg/g) / As(III) (μg/L) / As(V) (μg/L) / Total As (μg/L) / Silica / P(μg/L) / Alkalinity (mgCaCO3/L) / Ca / Mg / Fe / pH / Reference
GTiO2 / 0.11 / 25.2 / 0 / 0 / 374 / 291 / 665 / 8.9 / - / 387 / 38.3 / 100 / 0.47 / 8.2 / This study
GTiO2 / 0.22 / 26.7 / 158 / 0.13 / 374 / 291 / 665 / 8.9 / - / 387 / 38.3 / 100 / 0.47 / 8.2 / This study
GTiO2 / 0.32 / 27.9 / 247 / 0.18 / 374 / 291 / 665 / 8.9 / - / 387 / 38.3 / 100 / 0.47 / 8.2 / This study
GTiO2 / 0.54 / 28.5 / 527 / 0.4 / 374 / 291 / 665 / 8.9 / - / 387 / 38.3 / 100 / 0.47 / 8.2 / This study
GTiO2 / 1.08 / 33.6 / 968 / 0.96 / 374 / 291 / 665 / 8.9 / - / 387 / 38.3 / 100 / 0.47 / 8.2 / This study
GTiO2 / 5 / 1000 / 843 / 0.58 / 374 / 291 / 665 / 8.9 / - / 387 / 38.3 / 100 / 0.47 / 8.2 / This study
GTiO2 / 10.1 / 374 / 291 / 665 / 8.9 / - / 387 / 38.3 / 100 / 0.47 / 8.2 / This study
GTiO2 / 7.8 / 374 / 291 / 665 / 8.9 / - / 387 / 38.3 / 100 / 0.47 / 8.2 / This study
TiO2 / 2.5 / 8.4 / 3460 / 0.29 / 56 / 14 / 70 / 33 / 20 / 36 / 16 / 7.3 / (Hao et al. 2009)
TiO2 granulates / 3 / 41500 / 2.8 / 52 / 52 / 21 / <0.01 / 41 / 26 / 7.67-8.36 / (Bang et al. 2011)
TiO2 granulates / 3 / 45000 / 1.7 / 43 / 43 / 21 / 210 / 41 / 26 / <0.02 / (Bang et al. 2005)
TiO2 granulates / 0.97 / 32000 / 19 / 19 / 7.7-8.2 / (Gupta et al. 2010)
MetsorbG / 0.48 / 15.8 / 21000 / 0.6 / 43 / 43 / 3.7 / 15 / 87 / 30 / 0.005 / 7.2 / (USEPA 2008)
MetsorbG / 0.28 / 1.5 / 15000 / 0.51 / 28 / 28 / 25 / <0.1 / 8 / (Hristovski et al. 2007)
MetSorbG / 5 / 2.8 / 14000 / 0.2 / 25 / 25 / 7.8 / (Westerhoff et al. 2006)
MetsorbG / 0.57 / 9.4 / 16000 / 0.2 / 21.5 / 21.5 / NA / 54 / 342 / 54 / 0.038 / 7.7 / (USEPA 2008)
Adsorbia GTO / 0.57 / 7 / 4000 / 0.2 / 51 / 51 / 10.7 / 162 / 83 / 5.1 / 0.009 / 7.4 / (USEPA 2008)
Adsorbia GTO / 0.38 / 4.5 / 10000 / 22.5 / 13 / 35.5 / 5.1 / 24 / 64 / 16 / <0.025 / 8.5 / (USEPA 2008)
Adsorbia GTO / 0.48 / 7.9 / 16000 / 0.5 / 43 / 43 / 3.7 / 15 / 87 / 30 / 0.005 / 7.2 / (USEPA 2008)
Adsorbia GTO / 0.38 / 4.5 / 12500 / 0.4 / 0.8 / 40.2 / 41 / 5.1 / 33 / 69 / 18 / <0.025 / 8.6 / (USEPA 2008)
Adsorbsia GTO / 0.1 / 1.6 / 5288 / 0.12 / 28 / 28 / 25 / <0.1 / 8 / (Hristovski et al. 2007)
Adsorbsia GTO / 0.25 / 3.8 / 7755 / 0.07 / 28 / 28 / 25 / <0.1 / 8 / (Hristovski et al. 2007)
Adsorbsia GTO / 0.28 / 2.2 / 29000 / 0.34 / 28 / 28 / 25 / <0.1 / 8 / (Hristovski et al. 2007)
Adsorbsia GTO / 0.5 / 4 / 10575 / 0.09 / 28 / 28 / 25 / <0.1 / 8 / (Hristovski et al. 2007)
Adsorbia GTO / 0.57 / 9.4 / 22000 / 0.3 / 1.5 / 1.5 / NA / 54 / 342 / 54 / 0.038 / 7.7 / (USEPA 2008)
TiO2 pillared montmorillonite / 2 / 3.686 / 10500 / 1.34 / 96 / 24 / 120 / 8.0-8.2 / (Li et al. 2012)
TiO2 pillared montmorillonite / 2 / 3.686 / 5800 / 1.35 / 170 / 50 / 220 / 8.0-8.2 / (Li et al. 2012)
TiO2 pillared montmorillonite / 2 / 3.686 / 4300 / 1.87 / 320 / 90 / 410 / 8.0-8.2 / (Li et al. 2012)
GFH / 0.55 / 18.8 / >23000 / >1 / 64 / 1.5 / 65.5 / 2.8 / 51 / 505 / 57 / 1420 / 8.1 / (USEPA 2008)
GFH / 0.5 / 16.1 / 52000 / 2 / 1 / 61 / 62 / 12.6 / 23 / 370 / 79 / 0.003 / 7.5 / (USEPA 2008)
GFH / 0.68 / 19.8 / 11000 / 0.4 / 51 / 51 / 10.7 / 162 / 83 / 5.1 / 0.009 / 7.4 / (USEPA 2008)
GFH / 2.5 / 3.8 / 3300 / 0.28 / 50 / 50 / 22 / 156 / 8.8 / (Westerhoff et al. 2005)
GFH / 2.5 / 3.8 / 24000 / 2.02 / 50 / 50 / 22 / 156 / 7.6 / (Westerhoff et al. 2005)
GFH / 0.22 / 6.4 / 23000 / 0.61 / 0.8 / 40.2 / 41 / 5.1 / 33 / 69 / 18 / <0.025 / 8.6 / (USEPA 2008)
GFH / 0.22 / 6.4 / 36000 / 22.5 / 13 / 35.5 / 5.1 / 24 / 64 / 16 / <0.025 / 8.5 / (USEPA 2008)
GFH / 0.58 / 19.4 / 50000 / 1.4 / 43 / 43 / 3.7 / 15 / 87 / 30 / 0.005 / 7.2 / (USEPA 2008)
GFH / 0.5 / 16.9 / 48000 / 1.2 / 0.5 / 39.5 / 40 / 8.4 / 19 / 160 / 40 / 0.004 / 7.8 / (USEPA 2008)
GFH / 5 / 7.23 / 30000 / 1.68 / 33 / 33 / 39 / 128 / 7.7 / (Westerhoff et al. 2005)
GFH / 0.5 / 7.32 / 28000 / 0.39 / 25 / 25 / 7.8 / (Westerhoff et al. 2006)
GFH / 5 / 100000 / 18000 / 0.2 / 33 / 33 / 39 / 14 / 175 / 56 / 12 / 0.078 / 7.7 / (Westerhoff et al. 2006)
GFH / 5 / 91314 / 70000 / 0.85 / 13 / 13 / 34 / 195 / 7.5 / (Westerhoff et al. 2005)
GFH / 2.5 / 31399 / 1500 / 0.07 / 50 / 50 / 22 / 156 / 8.8 / (Westerhoff et al. 2005)
GFH / 6.2 / 8000 / 51 / 51 / 10.7 / 162 / 83 / 5.1 / 0.009 / 7.4 / (USEPA 2008)
GFH / 3 / 20900 / 52 / 52 / 21 / <0.01 / 41 / 26 / 7.8-8.1 / (Bang et al. 2011)