NET They Brought Jesus to a Place Called Golgotha (Which Is Translated, Place of the Skull )

Mark 15.22-39

BGT Καὶ φέρουσιν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸν Γολγοθᾶν τόπον, ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον Κρανίου Τόπος.

NET They brought Jesus to a place called Golgotha (which is translated, "Place of the Skull").

NRS Then they brought Jesus to the place called Golgotha (which means the place of a skull).

KJV And they bring him unto the place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, The place of a skull.

DRA And they bring him into the place called Golgotha, which being interpreted is, The place of Calvary.

NAU Then they brought Him to the place Golgotha, which is translated, Place of a Skull.

NIV They brought Jesus to the place called Golgotha (which means The Place of the Skull).

NLT And they brought Jesus to a place called Golgotha (which means "Place of the Skull").

MSG The soldiers brought Jesus to Golgotha, meaning "Skull Hill."

· φέρουσιν - The verb is again an example of the PRES tense used in a “historical” sense. see GramNotes, p. 6.

· Using the notes in your NET Bible, what language is “Golgotha” that it needs to be translated?
Where do we get the term “Calvary” for where Jesus was crucified? (Does “Calvary” occur in the NRSV? What about the KJV?)
occurs in KJV at Luk 23.33; but Calvariae appears both there and Mark 15.22 in the Vulg> ie, it’s a Latin term

· ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον - The neuter sing. participle agrees with the pronoun ὅ in this clause and with the verb “to be” forms a compound verb sense, that is it is used as a “Supplementary” (or periphrastic) participle; see GramNotes, p. 12, B.2.

BGT καὶ ἐδίδουν αὐτῷ ἐσμυρνισμένον οἶνον· ὃς δὲ οὐκ ἔλαβεν.

NET They offered him wine mixed with myrrh, but he did not take it.

NRS And they offered him wine mixed with myrrh; but he did not take it.

KJV And they gave him to drink wine mingled with myrrh: but he received it not.

DRA And they gave him to drink wine mingled with myrrh. But he took it not.

NAU They tried to give Him wine mixed with myrrh; but He did not take it.

NIV Then they offered him wine mixed with myrrh, but he did not take it.

NLT They offered him wine drugged with myrrh, but he refused it.

MSG They offered him a mild painkiller (wine mixed with myrrh), but he wouldn't take it.

· ἐδίδουν- Who is the subject of this verb? they = soldiers of v21
Note the stem carefully. What tense? IMPF For the interpretation of its “linear” sense in this context, note what is implied by the content of the last clause of this verse: οὐκ ἔλαβεν > they kept trying to give it to him but he never took it

· ἐσμυρνισμένον - A perfect participle (note the doubling, not augment, at the beginning and the -μεν participle code added directly to the stem); it agrees with οἴνον and is thus attributive and adjectival in function; it tells “what kind of” wine
Was this wine mixed with myrrh given to increase or decrease Jesus’ suffering?

BGT Καὶ σταυροῦσιν αὐτὸν καὶ διαμερίζονται τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ, βάλλοντες κλῆρον ἐπ᾿ αὐτὰ τίς τί ἄρῃ.

NET Then they crucified him and divided his clothes, throwing dice for them, to decide what each would take.

NRS And they crucified him, and divided his clothes among them, casting lots to decide what each should take.

KJV And when they had crucified him, they parted his garments, casting lots upon them, what every man should take.

DRA And crucifying him, they divided his garments, casting lots upon them, what every man should take.

NAU And they crucified Him, and divided up His garments among themselves, casting lots for them to decide what each man should take.

NIV And they crucified him. Dividing up his clothes, they cast lots to see what each would get.

NLT Then the soldiers nailed him to the cross. They divided his clothes and threw dice to decide who would get each piece.

MSG And they nailed him to the cross. They divided up his clothes and threw dice to see who would get them.

· βάλλοντες - The participle agrees with? they/SUBJ Position/Function? Pred/Circum
This is a good example of a circumstantial participle of “manner,” i.e. telling “how” they divided his garments, “by casting lots.”

· τίς τί ἄρῃ - Note the genders of the interrogative pronouns. What mood is ἄρῃ ? SUBJN

· According to the margin notes of the NET Bible, to which OT verse does this allude? Ps 22.18

BGT ἦν δὲ ὥρα τρίτη καὶ ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν.

NET It was nine o'clock in the morning when they crucified him.

NRS It was nine o'clock in the morning when they crucified him.

KJV And it was the third hour, and they crucified him.

DRA And it was the third hour: and they crucified him.

NAU It was the third hour when they crucified Him.

NIV It was the third hour when they crucified him.

NLT It was nine o'clock in the morning when they crucified him.

MSG They nailed him up at nine o'clock in the morning.

BGT καὶ ἦν ἡ ἐπιγραφὴ τῆς αἰτίας αὐτοῦ ἐπιγεγραμμένη· ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων.

NET The inscription of the charge against him read, "The king of the Jews."

NRS The inscription of the charge against him read, "The King of the Jews."

KJV And the superscription of his accusation was written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS.

DRA And the inscription of his cause was written over: THE KING OF THE JEWS.

NAU The inscription of the charge against Him read, "THE KING OF THE JEWS."

NIV The written notice of the charge against him read: THE KING OF THE JEWS.

NLT A sign was fastened to the cross, announcing the charge against him. It read, "The King of the Jews."

MSG The charge against him--THE KING OF THE JEWS-was printed on a poster.

· ἦν ... ἐπιγεγραμμένη - Again the perfect participle is in predicate position and is used in a supplementary/ periphrastic way with the verb ἦν.

· So from where does that INRI sign above Jesus on the cross come, and what is it about? > Vulg of John 19.18: Iesus Nazarenus rex Iudaeorum

BGT Καὶ σὺν αὐτῷ σταυροῦσιν δύο λῃστάς, ἕνα ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ ἕνα ἐξ εὐωνύμων αὐτοῦ.

NET And they crucified two outlaws with him, one on his right and one on his left.

NRS And with him they crucified two bandits, one on his right and one on his left.

KJV And with him they crucify two thieves; the one on his right hand, and the other on his left.

DRA And with him they crucify two thieves: the one on his right hand, and the other on his left.

NAU They crucified two robbers with Him, one on His right and one on His left.

NIV They crucified two robbers with him, one on his right and one on his left.

NLT Two revolutionaries were crucified with him, one on his right and one on his left.

MSG Along with him, they crucified two criminals, one to his right, the other to his left.

· What kind of person is a ληστῄς? Use a lexicon to get a better sense of the word’s meaning. λῃστής, οῦ, ὁ (1) robber, bandit, highwayman, one who seizes by violence, in contrast to a thief (κλέπτης), who uses stealth (LU 10.30); (2) politically insurrectionist, revolutionary, rebel who favors the use of force (JN 18.40); (3) figuratively, of unscrupulous, greedy, or overambitious leaders (Friberg)

· δεξιῶν ... εὐωνύμων - Note the use of the genitive case here to express “location.”

BGT

NET

NRS

KJV And the scripture was fulfilled, which saith, And he was numbered with the transgressors.

DRA And the scripture was fulfilled, which saith: And with the wicked he was reputed.

NAU And the Scripture was fulfilled which says, "And He was numbered with transgressors."

NIV

NLT

MSG

· Why does this verse not appear in a number of the versions? Check the note in your NET Bible and see what the critical apparatus and its information about the manuscript tradition suggest about the reason for its absence.

Metzger: The earliest and best witnesses of the Alexandrian and the Western types of text lack ver. 28. It is understandable that copyists could have added the sentence in the margin from Lk 22.37, whence it came into the text itself; there is no reason why, if the sentence were present originally, it should have been deleted. It is also significant that Mark very seldom expressly quotes the Old Testament.

(Lc 22,37; Is 53,12) και επληρωθη η γραφη η λεγουσα· και μετα ανομων ελογισθη L Θ 083. 0250 f 33 m lat sy. (bo); Eus ❙ txt א A B C D Ψ 2427 pc k sy sa bo
29

BGT Καὶ οἱ παραπορευόμενοι ἐβλασφήμουν αὐτὸν κινοῦντες τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν καὶ λέγοντες· οὐὰ ὁ καταλύων τὸν ναὸν καὶ οἰκοδομῶν ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις,

NET Those who passed by defamed him, shaking their heads and saying, "Aha! You who can destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days,

NRS Those who passed by derided him, shaking their heads and saying, "Aha! You who would destroy the temple and build it in three days,

KJV And they that passed by railed on him, wagging their heads, and saying, Ah, thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days,

DRA And they that passed by blasphemed him, wagging their heads and saying: Vah, thou that destroyest the temple of God and in three days buildest it up again:

NAU Those passing by were hurling abuse at Him, wagging their heads, and saying, "Ha! You who are going to destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days,

NIV Those who passed by hurled insults at him, shaking their heads and saying, "So! You who are going to destroy the temple and build it in three days,

NLT The people passing by shouted abuse, shaking their heads in mockery. "Ha! Look at you now!" they yelled at him. "You said you were going to destroy the Temple and rebuild it in three days.

MSG People passing along the road jeered, shaking their heads in mock lament: "You bragged that you could tear down the Temple and then rebuild it in three days--

· παραπορευόμενοι ... καταλύων ... οἰκοδομῶν - These participles are all nominative, without agreement, and thus substantive in function. κινοῦντες … καὶ λέγοντες, however are in the predicate position as modifiers.

· What is the sense of βλασφημέω here? Is it the same meaning here as in 2.7? βλασφημέω in relation to people revile, defame, slander Ro 3:8; 1 Cor 10:30; Tit 3:2. In relation to a divine being speak irreverently of, blasphem

· What do your margin notes in the Greek of the NET Bible suggest is an OT allusion behind this verse? Ps 22.7f

· Does Mark indicate that Jesus said he would destroy and rebuild the temple? Mark 14.58f

BGT σῶσον σεαυτὸν καταβὰς ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ.

NET save yourself and come down from the cross!"

NRS save yourself, and come down from the cross!"

KJV Save thyself, and come down from the cross.

DRA Save thyself, coming down from the cross.

NAU save Yourself, and come down from the cross!"

NIV come down from the cross and save yourself!"

NLT Well then, save yourself and come down from the cross!"

MSG so show us your stuff! Save yourself! If you're really God's Son, come down from that cross!"

· σῶσον – Note the mood and tense. AOR IMPV

· καταβάς – What does this participle agree with? you/SUBJ Position/Function? PRED / CIRCUM
For this use of the circumstantial participle, cf. that of βάλλοντες in verse 24: “by coming down from the cross,” and ἐμπαίζοντες in verse 31.

BGT ὁμοίως καὶ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς ἐμπαίζοντες πρὸς ἀλλήλους μετὰ τῶν γραμματέων ἔλεγον· ἄλλους ἔσωσεν, ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται σῶσαι·

NET In the same way even the chief priests--together with the experts in the law--were mocking him among themselves: "He saved others, but he cannot save himself!

NRS In the same way the chief priests, along with the scribes, were also mocking him among themselves and saying, "He saved others; he cannot save himself.

KJV Likewise also the chief priests mocking said among themselves with the scribes, He saved others; himself he cannot save.

DRA In like manner also the chief priests, mocking, said with the scribes one to another: He saved others; himself he cannot save.

NAU In the same way the chief priests also, along with the scribes, were mocking Him among themselves and saying, "He saved others; He cannot save Himself.

NIV In the same way the chief priests and the teachers of the law mocked him among themselves. "He saved others," they said, "but he can't save himself!

NLT The leading priests and teachers of religious law also mocked Jesus. "He saved others," they scoffed, "but he can't save himself!

MSG The high priests, along with the religion scholars, were right there mixing it up with the rest of them, having a great time poking fun at him: "He saved others--but he can't save himself!

· ἐμπαίζοντες- Agrees with? chief priests Position/Function? PRED / CIRCUM
Again the circumstantial participle tells “how” they spoke, i.e. “manner;” they spoke in a “mocking fashion” or “mockingly.”

· Where else in Mark are chief priests and scribes associated? Mark 8:31; 10:33; 11:18, 27; 14:1, 43, 53; 15:1, 31

BGT ὁ χριστὸς ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἰσραὴλ καταβάτω νῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ, ἵνα ἴδωμεν καὶ πιστεύσωμεν.

καὶ οἱ συνεσταυρωμένοι σὺν αὐτῷ ὠνείδιζον αὐτόν.

NET Let the Christ, the king of Israel, come down from the cross now, that we may see and believe!"
Those who were crucified with him also spoke abusively to him.

NRS Let the Messiah, the King of Israel, come down from the cross now, so that we may see and believe."
Those who were crucified with him also taunted him.

KJV Let Christ the King of Israel descend now from the cross, that we may see and believe. And they that were crucified with him reviled him.