Cross-Strait Relations between Mainland China and Taiwan:
Theories and Practice
Monday 6:30-9:30 p.m.
Fall, 2015
Prof. I Yuan (袁易)
Institute of International Relations
National Chengchi University
E-mail:
Office Hours: by appointment
Relations between the mainland China and Taiwan have been marked by a seemingly endless confrontation and competition in the past. However, recent years witnessed a drastic change involving more cooperative measures taken by the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. The aims of this course are two-folded: first, to revisit the major concepts in IR theories and its contenting approaches as how to provide a framework for analysis on issues relating to cross-Strait. In so doing, it is to bridge the gap between theory (Realism, Institutionalism and Constructivism) and practice (policy, process and people) in the field of cross-Strait studies. Secondly, by considering the evolving nature of the cross-Strait relations, the course also explores prominent issues confronting the mainland China and Taiwan, including identity, trade, international status, military contingencies and U.S.-China-Taiwan relations. The class will be conducted by lectures and occasionally by guest speakers. Students will be assigned as lead discussants on selective weekly reading materials. Students will be evaluated in three categories. Mid-term exam constitutes 30% of the final grades will be held on the 10th week and questions will be distributed in advance. Students are required to submit final research papers constitute 40% of the final grades on topic of instructor’s prior consent. Class participation and discussion are essential to 30% of their final grades respectively.
Week 1
Introduction
Suggested:
“Tug of War: The Story of Taiwan,” (1998 documentary).
Week 2
Theories and Approaches (I): General Perspectives
Required Readings:
1- Knud Erik Jorgensen, International Relations Theory: A New Introduction (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), chapter 1.
2- Amitav Acharya, International Relations Theory and Cross-Strait Relations, Taiwan Security Research http://www.taiwansecurity.org/IS/Acharya-International-Relations-Theory-and-Cross-Strait-Relations.htm
3- Yu-Shan Wu, “Theorizing on Relations across the Taiwan Strait: Nine Contending Approaches,” Journal of Contemporary China 9:25 (November 2000), pp. 407-428.
4- Alexander L. George, Bridging the Gap: Theory and Practice in Foreign Policy (Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1993), chpt. 1.
5- Scott L. Kastner, “IR Theory and the Relationship across the Taiwan Straitin Jean-Mare F. Blanchard and Dennis V. Hickey, eds., New Thinking about the Taiwan Issue: Theoretical Insights into its Origins, Dynamics and Prospects (London and New York: Routledge, 2012), pp. 189-201.
Suggested Readings:
A. David Kang, “Getting Asia Wrong: The Need for New Analytical Frameworks,” International Security 27, no. 4 (Spring 2003).
B. M. Taylor Fravel, “International Relations Theory and China’s Rise: Assessing China’s Potential for Territorial Expansion,” International Studies Review 12 (2010): 505-532.
http://taylorfravel.com/documents/research/fravel.2010.ISR.china.expansion.pdf
Week 3
Theories and Approaches (II): International, Interaction and Domestic Dimensions
Required Readings:
6- Stephen M Walt, The Origins of Alliances (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1974), chapter 5.
7- Kenneth N. Waltz, Theory of International Politics (New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1979), chapter 3.
8- Robert Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1977, 1989, 2002), chapter 1.
9- Alexander Wendt, Social Theory of International Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), chapter 6.
10- Rawi Abdelal et al., “Identity as a Variable,” Perspectives on Politics 4: 4 (December 2006), pp. 695-711.
11- H. Bao and Yu-Shan Wu et al., Revisiting Theories on Cross-Strait Relations (in Chinese) (Taipei: Wu Nan Books Co., 2009), chapters 1, 2, 12 and 14.
12- Shiping Zheng, “Making Sense of the Conflict between Mainland China and Taiwan,” in Vendulka Kubalkova, ed., Foreign Policy in a Constructed World (Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2001), chapter 8.
Suggested Readings:
A. Snyder, Glenn. “The Security Dilemma in Alliance Politics,” World Politics 36, no. 4 (1984): 461-495.
B. Christensen, Thomas J., “The Contemporary Security Dilemma: Deterring a Taiwan Conflict,” The Washington Quarterly 25, no. 4 (2002): 7-21.
C. Chan, Steve. China, the US and the Power-Transition Theory: A Critique (London: Routledge, 2008).
Week 4
Civil War, Second World War, Cold War and International Politics: the Beginning of an End
Required Readings:
13- Suzanne Pepper, Civil War in China: the Political Struggle, 1945-1949 (2nd Edition) (New York: Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999).
14- Nancy Bernkopf Tucker ed., China Confidential: American Diplomats and Sino-American Relations 1945-1996 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001).
15- Achieve Department, Ministry of Foreign Affair, ed., Declassified Diplomatic Documents: Achieve of the Establishment of China’s Diplomatic Relations, 1949-1955 (in Chinese)(Beijing: China Pictorial Publishers, 2006).
16- Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Kai-shek Diaries (Pala Alto, CA.: Hoover Institution, 2004).
Suggested Readings:
A. Douglas Lemke, “Power Transition Theory and the End of the Cold War,” Journal of Peace Research 34, No. 1 (1997): 23-36.
B. Victor D. Cha, “Powerplay: Origins of the U.S. Alliance System in Asia,” International Security 34, no. 3 (Winter 2009): 158-196.
C. Denny Roy, Taiwan: A Political History (Cornell, 2003), Chapter 5 (Taiwan in the Cold War).
D. Alan M. Wachman, Why Taiwan? Geostrategic Rationales for China’s Territorial Integrity. (Stanford University Press, 2007), Chapter 6 (From Civil War to Cold War).
Week 5
Divided Nations Model: East/West Germany, North/South Vietnam and North/South Korea
Required Readings:
17- List of Divided Nations - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List-of-divided-nations-http://deletionpedia.dbatley.com/w/index.php?title=List_of_divided_nations_%28deleted_04_Mar_2008_at_22:50%29
18- Yung Wei, “From Multi-System Nations to Linkage Communities: A New Conceptual Scheme for the Integration of Divided Nations,” Issues & Studies, 33:10 (October 1997), pp. 1-19.
19- Gregory Henderson, Richard Ned Lebow and John G. Stoessinger, eds., Divided Nations in a Divided World (New York: David Mc Kay, 1974).
20- T. H. Bao and Yu-Shan Wu et al., Revisiting Theories on Cross-Strait Relations (in Chinese) (Taipei: Wu Nan Books Co., 2009), chapters 3 and 4.
Week 6
International Law and International Status
Required Readings:
21- Legal Status of Taiwan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_status_of_Taiwan
22- The True Legal Status of Taiwan http://www.taiwannation.com.tw/english2.htm
23- State Succession in International Law, http://www.legalserviceindia.com/articles/insu.htm.
24- Vincent Wang, “Taiwan’s Participation in International Organizations,” in Edward Friedman, ed., China’s Rise, Taiwan’s Dilemmas and International Peace (New York: Routledge, 2005), pp. 149-173.
25- Jean-Marie Henckaerts, ed., The International Status of Taiwan in the New World Order: Legal and Political Considerations (London: Kulwer Law International, 1996).
26- Nagendra Singh, “The UN and the Development of International Law,” in Roberts, Adam and Benedict Kingsbury, eds., United Nations, Divided World (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), pp. 384-419.
27- T. H. Bao and Yu-Shan Wu et al., Revisiting Theories on Cross-Strait Relations (in Chinese ) (Taipei: Wu Nan Books Co., 2009), chapter 5.
28- I Yuan, “Norm-centered Constructivism and Cross-Strait Relations,” Issues and Studies, (September 2012), Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 75-104.
29- Jacques deLisle, “Taiwan: Sovereignty and Participation in International Organizations,” (July 2011), Foreign Policy Research Institute E-Notes
http://www.fpri.org/enotes/2011/201107.delisle.taiwan.html
30- Stephen D. Krasner, Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1999), chapter 1.
31. David Tawei Lee, The Making of the Taiwan Relations Act: Twenty Years in Retrospect (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 2000), chapters 1, 2, 8.
Suggested Readings:
A. Stephen Krastner, “Who Gets a State, and Why?” Foreign Affairs 88, no. 2 (2009).
B. T.Y Wang et al., “Taiwan’s Expansion of International Space: opportunities and challenges,” Journal of Contemporary China 20, no. 69 (March 2011): 249-267.
C. Czeslaw Tubilewicz, “Friends, Enemies or Frenemies: China-Taiwan Discord in the World Health Organization and its Significance,” Pacific Affairs 85, no. 4 (December 2012): 701-722. http://www.pacificaffairs.ubc.ca/recent-issues/recent-issue-vol-85-no-4-december-2012/
Week 7
ROC’s Mainland China Policy
Required Readings:
32- Vincent C. Siew, “Cross-Strait at the Turing Point: Rooted in Taiwan but Connected to the World,” in I Yuan, ed., Cross-Strait at the Turning Point: Institution, Identity and Democracy (Taipei: Institute of International relations, 2008), chapter 1.
33- Michael Hsiao and Jiann-Fa Yan, “Taiwan’s New National Identity and Its Impacts on Domestic Party Contention and Cross-Strait Relations,” in I Yuan, ed., Is There a Greater China Identity? (Taipei: Institute of International Relations, 2007), pp. 93-114.
34- Yu-Shan Wu, “Taiwan’s Domestic Politics and Cross-Strait Relations,“ The China Journal 53 (January 2005), pp. 35-60.
35- Alan D. Romberg, “Shaping the Future: Part I: Domestic Developments in Taiwan,” China Leadership Monitor, No. 38, (August 6), 2012. http://www.hoover.org/research/shaping-future-part-i-domestic-developments-taiwan and Part II: “Cross-Strait Relations,” China Leadership Monitor, No. 39, (October 1), 2012, http://www.hoover.org/research/shaping-future-part-ii-cross-strait-relations
36- Lijun Sheng, China and Taiwan: Cross-Strait Relations under Chen Shui-bian (London: Zed Books, 2002).
37- I Yuan, “Cooperation under Anarchy? Paradoxes of the Intra-Chinese Rapprochement,” Issues & Studies, 31:2 (February 1995), pp. 54-66.
38- Alan D. Romberg, “The 2012 Taiwan Election: Off and Running,” China Leadership Monitor, No. 35, (Sep. 21), 2011. http://www.media.hoover.org/sites/defult/files/documents/ CLM.
39- Chi Su, Taiwan’s Relations with Mainland China: A Tail Wagging Two Dogs (London and New York: Routledge, 2009), chapters 3, 7 and conclusion.
Suggested Readings:
A. Christopher R. Hughes, “New Trends in Taiwan’s China Policy,” The International Spectator 44, no. 2 (2009): 59-74.
B. Baohui Zhang, “Taiwan’s New Grand Strategy,” Journal of Contemporary China 20, no. 69 (March 2011): 269-285.
D. Chen Qimao, “The Taiwan Straits Situation since Ma came to office,” Journal of Contemporary China 20, no. 68 (January 2011): 153-160.
E. Michael Chase, Taiwan’s Security Policy: External Threats and Domestic Politics (Lynne Rienner, 2008). Chapter 1 (The Puzzle of Taiwan’s Security Policy) and Chapter 5 (Current Defense Policy in Taiwan).
Week 8
PRC’s Taiwan Policy
Required Readings:
40- Dennis Hickey, “Evolving Policy toward Taipei: Engagement or Entrapment?” in I Yuan, ed., Cross-Strait at the Turning Point: Institution, Identity and Democracy (Taipei: Institute of International Relations, 2008), chapter 9.
41- Alan D. Romberg, “Following the 18th Party Congress: Moving Forward Step-by-Step,” China Leadership Monitor, No. 40, (January 14), 2013. http://media.hoover.org/documents/CLM40AR.pdf.
42- Yun-han Chu, “The Evolution of Beijing’s Taiwan Policy during the Reform,” in Yong Deng and Feiling Wang, eds., China Rising: Power and Motivation in Chinese Foreign Policy (Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2004).
43- Alan D. Romberg, Across the Taiwan Strait: From Confrontation to Cooperation, 2006-2012 (Washington. D.C.: Stimson Center, 2012).
44- Quansheng Zhao and Guoli Liu, “Beijing’s Shifting Positions in the New Era of Cross-Taiwan Strait Relations,” in Wei-Chin Lee, ed., Taiwan’s Politics in the 21th Century (New Jersey: World Scientific Publishing Co., 2010), chapter 8.
45- You Ji, “Rapprochement amidst Continued State of War: the Nexus of Politics and Threat of Force in Beijing’s Taiwan Policy.” paper presented at the 2011 Asia-Pacific Security Forum, Institute for National Policy Research (Taiwan), August 26, 2011.
46- Jacques deLisle, “Strait Ahead? China’s Fifth Generation Leaders and Beijing’s Taiwan Policy,” ( July 2011), Foreign Policy Research Institute, E-Note http://www.fpri.org/enotes/2011/201107.delisle.chinatransition.pdf
47- Wang Jisi, “China’s Search for a Grand Strategy,” Foreign Affairs, March/April 2011, pp. 69-79.
48- Michael A. Glosny, “Getting Beyond Taiwan? Chinese Foreign Policy and PLA Modernization,” Strategic Forum, No. 26, INSS, National Defense University, January 2011, http://www.ndu.edu/inss.
49- Deng Xiaoping, Fundamental Issues in Present Day China (Beijing: Foreign Language Press, 1987), pps. 19-21, 48-52, 93-96.
Suggested Readings:
A. Denny Roy, Return of the Dragon: Rising China and Regional Security (New York: Columbia University Press, Jan. 2013). Chapter Ten (Taiwan in the PRC’s Lengthening Shadow).
B. Jing Huang, Inseparable Separation: The Making of China’s Taiwan Policy (World Scientific, 2010). Chapters 7-8.
C. E. Michael Chase, Taiwan’s Security Policy: External Threats and Domestic Politics (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2008). Chapter 4 (China’s Taiwan Policy and Military Modernization since 2000).
D. Paul Godwin and Alice Miller, China’s Forbearance Has Limits (Washington DC: Institute for National Strategic Studies, 2013): 37-45 (Signaling Case Studies: Taiwan).
E. John W. Lewis and Litai Xue, Imagined Enemies: China Prepares for Uncertain War (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006). Chapter 8 (Sun Tzu’s Pupils and the Taiwan Challenge).
Week 9 Review Session and Term Papers Topics Due
Week 10
Mid-term Exam
Week 11 Military Confrontation
Required Readings:
50- Christopher J. McCarthy, China’s Anti-Access/Area Denial: The Evolution of Modern Warfare, http://www.usnwc.edu/Lucent/OpenPdf.aspx?id=95&title.
51- Alan Wachman, Why Taiwan? Geostrategic Rationales for China’s Territorial Integrity (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007), chapter 7.
52- John Wilson Lewis and Litai Xue, Imagined Enemies: China Prepares for Uncertain War (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006).
53- David Lai, Asia-Pacific: A Strategic Assessment (Carlisle, PA.; U.S. War College, 2013).
54- I Yuan, “Confidence-Building Across the Taiwan Strait as a Peace Zone Proposal,” Working Papers by CNAPS Visiting Fellows, Brookings Institution, No.11, 2000, http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/.../northeastasia-yuan.
55- Phillip C. Saunders, “The Rebalance to Asia: U.S.-China Relations and Regional Security,” Strategic Forum, No. 281, (August 2013,) http://ndu.edu/inss.
56- I Yuan, “Cooperation and Conflict: The Offense-Defense Balance in Cross-Strait Relations,” Issues & Studies, 33:2 (February 1997), pp. 1-20.
57- U.S. Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments involving the PRC 2014, (Washington, D.C.: Office of Secretary of Defense, 2014) http://www.defense.gov/pubs/2014_DoD_China_Report.pdf
Suggested Readings:
A. Steven Tsang, ‘The US Military and American Commitment to Taiwan’s Security,” Asian Survey 52, no.4 (July/August 2012).
B. Andrew Erickson and David Yang, “On the Verge of a Game-Changer,” Proceedings Magazine 135 (May 2009).
http://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2009-05/verge-game-changer
C. Ross, Robert S., “Navigating the Taiwan Strait: Deterrence, Escalation Dominance, and U.S.-China Relations,” International Security 27, no. 2 (Fall 2002): 48-85.
Week 12
Economic Integration
Required Readings:
58- Shelley Rigger and Toy Reid, “Taiwanese Investors in Mainland China: Creating a Context for Peace?” in I Yuan, ed., Cross-Strait at the Turing Point: Institution, Identity and Democracy (Taipei: Institute of International Relations, 2008), chapter 5.
59- Hsieh-Chao Chang and Wen-Cheng Lin, , “The Legal Framework for Cross-Strait Economic Normalization,” in I Yuan, ed., Cross-Strait at the Turning Point: Institution, Identity and Democracy ( Taipei: Institute of International Relations, 2008), chapter 10.