Table S1 Environmental parameters and water quality gradesof all sampling sites

River / Site / Depth
(m) / Velocity
(m s-1) / Substrate materials / WT
(℃) / DO
(mgL-1) / TP
(mgL-1) / TN
(mgL-1) / Grade
(Min - Max)
Coarse substrate sites / Jiuzhaigou / C1 / 0.1-0.8 / 0.3-1.2 / boulders, cobbles, gravel / 10.0 / 12.00 / 0.01 / 0.10 / I
Balan / C2 / 0.0-0.5 / 0.3-1.0 / cobbles, gravel / 5.1 / 12.00 / <0.001 / 0.10 / I
Shengou / C3 / 0.1-0.8 / 0.2-1.5 / cobbles, gravel / 11.8 / 9.30 / 0.05 / 0.50 / II
Shennongxi / C4 / 0.2-0.6 / 0.2-0.7 / cobbles, gravel / 23.3 / 11.83 / 0.05 / 0.50 / II
Jialingjiang / C5 / 0.0-0.5 / 0.3-1.0 / cobbles / 12.4 / 10.10 / 0.10 / 0.40 / II
Qingjianghe / C6 / 0.0-1.0 / 0.0-1.0 / bedrock / 9.6 / 10.30 / <0.01 / 0.51 / II
Juma / C7 / 0.0-0.5 / 0.3-0.5 / cobbles / 24.0 / 9.20 / <0.001 / 0.49 / II
Chexi / C8 / 0.0-0.5 / 0.2-0.5 / bedrock / 23.0 / 11.01 / 0.05 / 0.61 / III
Qingjiang / C9 / 0.2-0.5 / 0.3-0.6 / cobbles, gravel / 14.1 / 9.30 / <0.01 / 0.96 / III
Jialingjiang / C10 / 0.0-0.6 / 0.4-1.0 / cobbles, hewn stones / 15.0 / 9.40 / <0.01 / 0.61 / III
Baishuijiang / C11 / 0.0-0.5 / 0.1-1.0 / cobbles, gravel / 15.8 / 8.70 / 0.30 / 1.51 / IV
Yongding / C12 / 0.3-0.8 / 0.0-0.1 / cobbles, gravel / 17.4 / 9.30 / 0.01 / 1.25 / IV
Jialingjiang / C13 / 0.2-0.6 / 0.4-1.0 / cobbles, gravel / 16.6 / 8.60 / 0.50 / 1.52 / V
Mudanjiang / C14 / 0.1-1.5 / 0.3-0.8 / gravel / 12.0 / 6.80 / 0.07 / 1.66 / V
Weihe / C15 / 0.0-0.7 / 0.1-0.5 / cobbles, gravel / 14.6 / 9.20 / <0.01 / 4.69 / V+
Medium substrate sites / Yangtze / M1 / 0.3-1.2 / 0.0-0.2 / sand / 14.0 / 11.03 / <0.01 / 0.12 / I
Yalujiang / M2 / 0.0-0.5 / 0.2-0.3 / fine sand, silt / 10.0 / 11.30 / <0.001 / 0.18 / I
Guishui / M3 / 0.1-0.2 / 0.0-0.1 / sand, silt / 30.2 / 9.70 / <0.001 / 0.31 / II
Jialingjiang / M4 / 0.1-0.8 / 0.2-0.4 / fine sand, silt / 16.8 / 10.00 / 0.20 / 1.41 / III
Yangtze / M5 / 0.2-1.0 / 0.1-0.3 / fine sand / 14.4 / 9.06 / <0.01 / 0.99 / III
Yangtze / M6 / 0.5-1.2 / 0.4-1.0 / fine sand, silt / 18.0 / 9.90 / <0.01 / 1.01 / III
Songhuajing / M7 / 0.1-1.5 / 0.0-0.2 / fine sand, silt / 11.0 / 6.60 / 0.021 / 0.73 / III
Yangtze / M8 / 0.3-1.0 / 0.1-1.0 / silt / 17.1 / 8.60 / <0.01 / 1.02 / IV
Jialingjiang / M9 / 0.4-0.6 / 0.2-0.3 / fine sand, silt / 17.4 / 9.70 / 0.30 / 1.42 / IV
Yangtze / M10 / 0.2-1.0 / 0.5-1.0 / fine sand, silt / 22.6 / 8.10 / 0.25 / 1.45 / IV
Songhuajing / M11 / 0.1-1.5 / 0.0-0.2 / sand, silt / 10.1 / 6.01 / 0.033 / 2.68 / V
Yangtze / M12 / 0.4-0.5 / 0.2-0.3 / sand / 13.5 / 0.68 / 0.62 / 12.00 / V+
Guanlan / M13 / 0.2-0.5 / 0.2-0.4 / coarse sand / 28.0 / 0.20 / 7.01 / 38.76 / V+
Guanlan / M14 / 0.4-0.7 / 0.3-0.4 / coarse sand / 28.1 / 0.20 / 2.89 / 38.21 / V+
Weihe / M15 / 0.2-0.6 / 0.3-1.1 / sand / 23.1 / 5.20 / 0.51 / 10.00 / V+
Fine substrate sites / Yellow / F1 / 0.5-1.0 / 0.0-0.1 / clay / 15.9 / 13.45 / 0.03 / 0.05 / I
Yalujiang / F2 / 0.2-0.5 / 0.0-0.1 / clay / 10.0 / 11.00 / 0.047 / 0.41 / II
Bailongjiang / F3 / 0.1-0.5 / 0.4-1.5 / clay / 15.7 / 8.70 / 0.20 / 0.90 / III
Honghu / F4 / 0.8-1.2 / 0.0-0.1 / clay / 14.7 / 9.59 / <0.01 / 0.50 / III
Poyanghu / F5 / 0.5-1.0 / 0.0-0.1 / clay / 20.8 / 8.71 / <0.01 / 0.91 / III
Mudanjiang / F6 / 0.1-0.6 / 0.0-0.3 / clay, silt / 11.1 / 8.01 / 0.15 / 1.24 / IV
Yangtze / F7 / 0.1-1.2 / 0.5-1.1 / clay,silt / 22.7 / 7.70 / 0.28 / 1.41 / IV
Fujiang / F8 / 0.2-0.8 / 0.2-0.5 / clay / 16.7 / 9.21 / 0.30 / 1.40 / IV
Yangtze / F9 / 0.1-1.0 / 0.1-0.2 / clay / 23.6 / 7.31 / 0.25 / 1.45 / IV
Shuiguo / F10 / 0.2-0.8 / 0-0.1.0 / clay / 15.1 / 6.40 / <0.01 / 1.02 / IV
Jialingjiang / F11 / 0.2-0.8 / 0.2-1.0 / clay / 19.2 / 7.60 / 0.60 / 8.01 / V
Xizhijiang / F12 / 0.0-0.5 / 0.2-0.5 / clay / 28.1 / 6.00 / 0.63 / 6.68 / V
Yangtze / F13 / 0.1-1.1 / 0.1-0.5 / clay,silt / 17.8 / 8.70 / 0.60 / 10.00 / V+
Yangtze / F14 / 0.1-1.1 / 0.5-1.0 / clay,silt / 23.2 / 7.60 / 0.60 / 10.01 / V+
Yongding / F15 / 0.4-0.6 / 0.3-0.4 / clay,silt / 19.6 / 10.71 / 0.84 / 10.37 / V+
Panlongjiang / F16 / 0.3-0.4 / 0.1-0.2 / clay / 17.8 / 2.61 / 0.48 / 7.18 / V+
Yellow / F17 / 0.1-0.5 / 0.0-0.3 / clay / 22.0 / 6.41 / 0.20 / 6.61 / V+
Guanlan / F18 / 0.2-0.4 / 0.2-0.3 / clay / 28.1 / 2.10 / 0.47 / 11.17 / V+
Yanghe / F19 / 0.2-0.3 / 0.3-0.7 / clay, silt / 29.3 / 7.61 / 0.41 / 6.62 / V+

Note: (1) WT: water temperature; DO: dissolved oxygen concentration; TP: total phosphorus concentration; TN: total nitrogen concentration

(2) The data of DO, TP, and TN typed in bold is the determination factors for water quality grading

Table S2 Macroinvertebrates in the sampling sites C1-C15 of the coarse substrates

Family/Genus / C1 / C2 / C3 / C4 / C5 / C6 / C7 / C8 / C9 / C10 / C11 / C12 / C13 / C14 / C15
Chironomidae / 65 / 460 / 78 / 105 / 734 / 195 / 48 / 212 / 1475 / 3807 / 188 / 1 / 3 / 816
Tipula sp. / 3 / 2
Hexatoma sp. / 1 / 36 / 1
Antocha sp. / 9 / 2 / 1 / 16 / 34 / 6
Ceratopogonidae / 35 / 35 / 11 / 4 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 8
Psychodidae / 71
Simuliidae / 1 / 9 / 1 / 3 / 1
Tabanidae / 1 / 1
Empididae / 1
Stratiomyidae / 2
Dolichopodidae / 1
Muscidae / 1
Hydropsychidae / 15 / 3 / 8 / 71 / 1 / 108 / 2 / 1
Polycentropodidae / 5
Psychomyiidae / 82 / 1
Hydroptilidae / 2 / 1
Stenopsychidae / 5
Arctopsychidae / 6 / 1
Leptoceridae / 3 / 70 / 1
Brachycentridae / 144 / 9 / 1
Rhyacophilidae / 9
Gomphidae / 14 / 3 / 2
Libellulidae / 3
Cordulegasteridae / 3
Aeshnidae / 2
Calopterygidae / 1
Euphaeidae / 3
Ephemeridae / 12 / 1 / 90
Caenidae / 1 / 14 / 1
Baetidae / 38 / 9 / 55 / 243 / 191 / 792 / 100 / 4
Heptageniidae / 9 / 1 / 118 / 5 / 57 / 7 / 48 / 4
Leptophlebiidae / 3 / 76 / 2
Ephemerellidae / 41 / 3 / 125 / 1 / 9 / 76 / 2 / 3
Siphlonuridae / 6 / 4 / 117
Potamanthidae / 6
Plecoptera / 1
Perlidae / 2 / 7
Nemouridae / 26
Taeniopterygidae / 18
Hemiptera / 1 / 1 / 11 / 1
Psephenidae / 4 / 1 / 2
Dytiscidae / 1 / 5 / 4
Dryopidae / 2
Elmidae / 27 / 5 / 7 / 5 / 29 / 2 / 8 / 4
Hydrophilidae / 5 / 1 / 1 / 1
Corydalidae / 1
Acariformes / 41 / 7 / 92 / 1 / 29 / 27 / 22
Gammaridae / 121 / 85 / 1787 / 497
Xanthidae / 1
Sphaeriidae / 4
Corbicula sp. / 15 / 3 / 1
L. lacustris / 4 / 4 / 1
Anodonta sp. / 16 / 19
Lymnaeidae / 30 / 111 / 46 / 13 / 7 / 1
Planorbidae / 2 / 10 / 2 / 4
Semisulcospira sp. / 5 / 1
Hydrobiidae / 32
Alocinma sp. / 23
Physidae / 2 / 1 / 5
Tubifex sp. / 1 / 3 / 2 / 1 / 52
Limnodrilus sp. / 58 / 1 / 120 / 50
Branchiura sp. / 2
Lumbriculidae / 27
Glossiphonidae / 2 / 1 / 1
Hirudinidae / 3 / 5 / 2
Erpobdellidae / 21 / 1
Tricladida / 9 / 1 / 3
Taxa richness / 15 / 8 / 23 / 13 / 19 / 15 / 27 / 16 / 9 / 16 / 15 / 9 / 6 / 5 / 6
Density (ind.m-2) / 534 / 477 / 337 / 488 / 1281 / 419 / 747 / 1390 / 3359 / 3996 / 350 / 641 / 102 / 9 / 832
t-BMWQ / 156 / 71 / 187 / 124 / 179 / 132 / 237 / 158 / 51 / 123 / 129 / 55 / 26 / 37 / 37
a-BMWQ / 10 / 9 / 8 / 10 / 9 / 9 / 9 / 10 / 6 / 8 / 9 / 6 / 4 / 7 / 6
FBI / 4 / 8 / 6 / 5 / 6 / 6 / 3 / 5 / 6 / 8 / 8 / 6 / 7 / 5 / 8

Note: the number for each taxon indicates the taxon densities of the sampling sites in ind. m-2

Table S3 Macroinvertebrates in the sampling sites M1-M15 of the medium substrates

Family/Genus / M1 / M2 / M3 / M4 / M5 / M6 / M7 / M8 / M9 / M10 / M11 / M12 / M13 / M14 / M15
Chironomidae / 264 / 144 / 8 / 257 / 31 / 33 / 10 / 23 / 49
Antocha sp. / 1
Culicidae / 1
Ceratopogonidae / 1
Tabanidae / 18 / 8
Gomphidae / 1 / 4
Ephemeridae / 6
Baetidae / 1
Potamanthidae / 2
Hemiptera / 222
Elmidae / 1
Chrysomelidae / 4
Palaemonidae / 1
Macrobrachium sp. / 4 / 2
Corbicula sp. / 1
L. lacustris / 3 / 1
Anodonta sp. / 1
Unio sp. / 1 / 2
Lymnaeidae / 1 / 1 / 4
Planorbidae / 3
Semisulcospira sp. / 4 / 1 / 6 / 1
Hydrobiidae / 5
Alocinma sp. / 5
Bellamya sp. / 25 / 2 / 4
Cipangopaludina sp. / 1
Bithyniidae / 115
Stenothyridae / 3
Tubifex sp. / 532 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 2 / 6 / 354 / 4
Limnodrilus sp. / 6 / 4 / 50 / 2 / 26 / 13 / 2 / 3
Branchiura sp. / 5 / 14 / 13
Naididae / 22 / 2
Lumbriculidae / 3
Glossiphoniidae / 1
Hirudinidae / 2
Erpobdellidae / 1
Taxa richness / 10 / 8 / 5 / 4 / 2 / 3 / 15 / 3 / 6 / 3 / 7 / 5 / 0 / 0 / 1
Density (ind.m-2) / 313 / 926 / 16 / 315 / 53 / 6 / 189 / 42 / 54 / 14 / 415 / 14 / 0 / 0 / 2
t-BMWQ / 62 / 61 / 21 / 9 / 5 / 19 / 81 / 7 / 22 / 26 / 31 / 27 / 0 / 0 / 7
a-BMWQ / 6 / 8 / 4 / 2 / 3 / 6 / 5 / 2 / 4 / 9 / 4 / 5 / / / / / 7
FBI / 8 / 9 / 8 / 8 / 8 / 8 / 7 / 9 / 8 / 5 / 9 / 7 / / / / / 5

Note: the number for each taxon indicates the taxon densities of the sampling sites in ind. m-2

Table S4 Macroinvertebrates in the sampling sites F1-F19 of the fine substrates

Family/Genus / F1 / F2 / F3 / F4 / F5 / F6 / F7 / F8 / F9 / F10 / F11 / F12 / F13 / F14 / F15 / F16 / F17 / F18 / F19
Chironomidae / 50 / 670 / 5 / 656 / 18 / 671 / 1 / 11 / 4 / 395 / 59 / 3
Tipula sp. / 7
Culicidae / 6
Ceratopogonidae / 2
Tabanidae / 2
Stratiomyidae / 1
Ephydridae / 3
Hydropsychidae / 2
Hydroptilidae / 5
Polycentropodidae / 1
Glossosomatidae / 2
Gomphidae / 1
Libellulidae / 1
Coenagrionidae / 6
Platycnemididae / 2 / 1
Baetidae / 19
Heptageniidae / 4
Hemiptera / 3
Elmidae / 1
Acariformes / 1
Atyidae / 3 / 11
Caridina sp. / 4
Macrobrachium sp. / 7 / 4
Parathelphusidae / 1
Corbicula sp. / 7 / 10
L. lacustris / 7 / 10
Lymnaeidae / 3 / 17 / 2
Planorbidae / 13 / 11 / 14 / 1
Semisulcospira sp. / 3 / 32 / 5 / 5
Alocinma sp. / 25
Bellamya sp. / 35 / 34 / 45 / 4 / 5
Bithyniidae / 3 / 65
Stenothyridae / 3 / 13 / 5
Tubifex sp. / 16 / 8 / 11688 / 1
Limnodrilus sp. / 3 / 379 / 27 / 3 / 10 / 75 / 4
Branchiura sp. / 67 / 10 / 44 / 20 / 44 / 1 / 240
Ilyodrilus sp. / 1
Naididae / 18 / 2 / 1
Lumbriculidae / 444
Glossiphonidae / 1 / 4
Erpobdellidae / 7
Nematomorpha / 1
Taxa richness / 9 / 1 / 2 / 10 / 5 / 10 / 4 / 8 / 5 / 2 / 6 / 9 / 2 / 3 / 3 / 2 / 1 / 0 / 9
Density (ind.m-2) / 154 / 16 / 672 / 172 / 34 / 1076 / 114 / 125 / 97 / 1115 / 29 / 26 / 6 / 20 / 473 / 11928 / 59 / 0 / 25
t-BMWQ / 48 / 2 / 12 / 65 / 33 / 54 / 29 / 51 / 23 / 5 / 57 / 52 / 5 / 21 / 8 / 4 / 3 / 0 / 40
a-BMWQ / 5 / 2 / 6 / 7 / 7 / 5 / 7 / 6 / 5 / 3 / 10 / 6 / 3 / 7 / 3 / 2 / 3 / / / 4
FBI / 8 / 10 / 8 / 6 / 7 / 9 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 7 / 4 / 8 / 8 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 8 / / / 8

Note: the number for each taxon indicates the taxon densities of the sampling sites in ind. m-2