Types of Muscle Tissue: Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Types of Muscle Tissue: Skeletal | Smooth | Cardiac

Roles of Muscles in the Body

Muscle and Muscle Fiber Structure:

A muscle is composed of many muscle fibers arranged in bundles called ______
Individual muscles are separated by fascia, which also forms ______

What is plantar fasciitis?

A muscle also contains 3 different layers of connective tissue:

______- outermost layer, surrounds entire muscle
______- separated and surrounds the FASCICLES (bundles)
______- surrounds each individual muscle fiber

Muscle Cells

-The muscle fiber membrane is called the ______
-The cytoplasm is called ______
-Within the sarcoplasm are many parallel fibers known as ______

Each myofibril is made of many MYOFILAMENTS. There are two types:

MYOSIN- thick filaments

ACTIN- thin filaments

Structure of a SARCOMERE (functional unit of a muscle)

A Bands = dArk = thick =MYOSIN

I Bands = lIght = thin =ACTIN

Sarcomere = the area between two Z-lines

Heirarchy: Muscles → Fascicles (bundles) → Myofibrils → Myofilaments (actin & myosin)

II. How Muscles Work with the Nervous System

NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION (also called the motor unit) - where a ______and muscle fiber come together.

MOTOR END PLATE - specialized part of the sarcolemma located at the neuromuscular junction, has many folds

SYNAPTIC CLEFT - An actual "gap" which exists between the motor neuron endings and the motor end plate.

SYNAPTIC VESICLES - where ______are stored before being released into the synaptic cleft.

The neurotransmitter that crosses the gap is ______. This brings about muscle contractions.

CHOLINESTERASE is an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine

III. The Sliding Filament Theory

The theory of how muscle contracts is the sliding filament theory. The contraction of a muscle occurs as the thin filament slide past the thick filaments. The sliding filament theory involves five different molecules and calcium ions.

IV. ENERGY SOURCE:

Provided by ATP from cellular respiration which occurs inthe______

* Creatine Phosphate provides energy for the regeneration of ATP

* Only 25% of energy produced during cellular respiration is used in metabolic processes - the rest is in the form of HEAT - maintains body temperature

ATP = adenosine triphosphate | ADP = adenosine diphosphate

V: Other Terms

1. Threshold Stimulus

2. All-or-None Response

3. Motor Unit

4. Recruitment

5. Muscle Tone

6. Muscular Hypertrophy

7. Muscular Atrophy

8. Muscle Fatigue

9. Muscle Cramp

10. Oxygen Debt / Lactic Acid

11. Origin / Insertion

12. Rigor Mortis

13. Tetanus