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DenzelBrandon1, *, Pawel Smith1,Moez Gawad1,

Abdeen Mustafa Omer2, and Miguel Contreras2

1Energy Research Institute (ERI), Nottingham, UK

2Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University,Maryland, USA

* Corresponding author:

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1 Introduction

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© 2017 by the authors; licensee SP, Hongkong, China. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License (

1.1 FiberBraggGratingFBG

Intelligentvideosurveillancetechnologyisoneaspectofpatternrecognition,whichusesanumberofcomputeralgorithms[1],analysis,extractionandrecognitionofmovingobjectswithinthevideobehavioralcharacteristics,andweusethecomputerstodeterminewhetherthebehavioralcharacteristicsofthemovingobjectaredefinedas"suspiciousbehavior".Duringthefiftyyearsofresearchanddevelopment,thetargettrackinghasbeenlargelyusedinvariousareas[2].Onecameracandetectlimitedarea,itisdifficulttotracktargetwithmultipleperspectives,andlongtimeandwiderange,sousingmultiplecamerasbecomeinevitable.Theadvantagesofmulti-cameratrackingarethewidefieldofview,comprehensiveperspectiveandlargemonitoringarea,whichmakesthemulti-cameratrackingbecomepopular.

Comparedwithfinetexture,themacrotexturecontainsricherinformationanditshapticmechanismiscertainlymorecomplex.Forexample,thedeformationoffingertip’stissue,theforceappliedbythefinger,theshearingforcefedbackbythesurface,thefrictionforcebetweenthefingerandthesurface,etc.,aredifferentfromthatofthefinetextureexploration.Thesedifferenceswillchangethecharacteristicvalueandpassivityboundaryconditionofthecommonfinetextureperceptionmodels.Inaddition,fromtheviewofcurvatureperception,thankstothetinytexturepatterncovedonthesurface,thecurvaturedisplayshouldrendernotonlythegeometricalpropertyandforcefeedback[3,4],butalsothemicromechanicalstimulibetweentheskinandtheroughsurface.

Remotesensingimagefusionistheprocessofcombiningtwoormoreimagesofascenefromdifferentremotesensortocreateasingleimagethatismoreinformativethananyoftheinputimages.Thepurposeofimagefusionistodecreaseambiguityandminimizeredundancyintheoutputwhilemaximizingtherelativeinformationspecifictoanapplication,whichismoresuitableforhumanvisionperceptionandcomputerprocessing.Inremotesensingimages,differentsensorscanobtaindifferenteffectimages.MS sensorcouldgetlargenumberofdifferentbandsMSimageswithlimitedspatialresolutionandabundantspectralinformation.AndthePANsensorcouldcontainPANimagewithhighspatialresolutioninformationandlimitedspectralinformation.ItisnecessarytofuseMSimagewithPANimage.Inrecentyears,remotesensingimagefusionhasmadesignificantdevelopmentinthemilitary,targetrecognition,weatherforecast,informationsecurityandotherresearchfields.Itplaysamoreandmoreimportantroleinimageprocessingfield.

1.2 StudyAreaandData

Inrecentyears,therapiddevelopmentofourcountry’seconomyandthecontinuousimprovementoflargedemandofthelivingstandardhavebeenpromotingtherapiddevelopmentofelectrifiedrailwayinourcountry,inaddition,electrifiedrailwayisconsideredtobethemostidealwayoftransportationrightnowbecauseofitscharacteristicssuchashighefficiency,energysavingandenvironmentalprotection,thustheelectrificationoftherailwayshavebecomeakeyprojectofourcountry'srailwayplanningandithasbecometheinevitabletrendofpowersystemdevelopmentthatmassofelectrifiedrailwayloadsconnecttothepowergrid.However,electriclocomotivewithtractionpowersystemwhichconvertsthree-phasecurrenttosingle-phasecurrentaccessespowermakeshimasingle-phaseunbalancedloaddifferentfromtraditionalthree-phaseloads.So,electriclocomotivesareeasytoproducepowerqualityproblemssuchasharmonicandnegativesequencecurrent,whichnotonlyhavedetrimentaleffectsontractionpowersystemandthesuperiorpowersystembutalsoresultinunreliableactionsoftheoriginalprotectionandfinallyreducetheeconomyandstabilityofthewholepowersystem.

1.3 ProblemAnalysisandDefinition

Thecommoncharacteristicoftherenderedtextureusingabovemethodsisthattheirinteriorspacegapisinthemillimeterandbelow.Wecouldcallthem“finetexture”. Oncontract,the“macrotexture”hasinteriorspacegapincentimeterandaboveFig.1.Fromthepointofviewofgeometricproperties,themacrotexturecanbeseenasFig.2,itincludesbothtextureandcurvatureinformation.Humancouldgetboththefeelingoftheroughnessoffinetextureandthefeelingofforcefeedbackofthecurvaturesurfacewhenexploringacrossamacrotexture.

Figure1.Thekeydescriptorsconstitute.

2 ConfusionMatrixDefinition

Petrochemicalindustryisoneoftheimportantpillarsofthenationaleconomy.Duetotheinherentflammableandexplosive,poisonousandharmfulcharacteristicsofdangerouschemicals,thesafetyproblemhasbecomeparticularlyimportant.WiththerapiddevelopmentofpetrochemicalindustryinChina,thesafetyofpetrochemicalproductionsituationisincreasinglyserious,especiallyontheaspectsofsafety,healthandenvironmentissues,whichincreasinglybringprominentandpotentialthreats.Andwiththe increasinglyreservesofcrudeoil,productoil,thenumberoflargedomesticoildepots,oiltankareasalsopresentsanincreasingtendency.Thepetrochemicalindustrydepartmentsandenterprisesatalllevelsalwaysattachgreatimportancetothesecurityofoilstorageandtransportation.

Figure2.Themethodofopticalfibrearound.

Thenegativesequencecurrentofeachlineinthesystemisobtainedbysimulation,andtheresultsareshowninTable1.

Table1.Informationofpanchromatic(PAN)aboutGaofen-2andGaofen-4.

OrbitType / Repetitioncycle / Spatialresolution / Swathwidth / Fixpointlocation / local-time
GF-2 / Sun-synchronous / 5days / 0.81m / 45km / ----- / 10:30AM
GF-4 / Geosynchronous / 20s / 50m / 400km / 105.6°E / -----

2.1 RelatedWork

TheanalogROFtransmissionmoduleiswidelyusedinallkindsoftheinteriorandoutdoortransmissionandcoveragesystemsuchastherelaytransmissionandopticaldistributionsystemofCATVandmobilecommunicationnetwork(includingavarietyofformatsandfrequencybandsabout2G,3Gand4G)andsoon.ROFsystemintroducesnoiseandaffectsthesystem’snoisefigure,whileanalogROFtransmissionmodulehasacrucialinfluenceonthesystemequipments(especiallyuplink),thenwillaffectthereceivingsensitivityofthereceiver[5].ButaboutthespecificcalculationoftheROFsystemnoise,wehavenotseensomerelatedliteraturesdiscussed.Inthispaper,wecalculatedindetailthenoisefigureoftheanalogROFtransmissionmodule,andverifiedthemcombiningwithlaboratorytests,discussedtherelatedproblems,atlastweanalyzedsomeproblemsinitsengineeringapplication,providedanoisefigurecalculationmethodintheROFsystemengineeringapplication.

InthetraditionalDPTCcontrolalgorithm,theInsulatedGateBipolarTransistor(IGBT)switchingsignalsoftherectifierandinverteraregeneratedbytheproperswitchingtablevoltagevector.ThecontroltheoryofthetraditionalDPTCisshowninFig.3

Figure3.CSI300Futuresdailytimeseries

2.2 IndexSystemofDataLink

Whenthemotorisrunningathighspeed,theresistanceofthestatorphasewindingscanbeignored.Then,(1)canbewrittenas

S2+Z2=P. / (1)

AccordingtoexpressionofARMA(p,q)model,weknowthatifp=0,ARMAmodelissimplifiedastheqordermovingaveragemodelMA(q);incontrast,ifq=0,ARMAmodelissimplifiedasthePorderautoregressivemodelAR(p).

H1–C1=Y1. / (2)

Duetothefurtheruseofsysteminformation,itcanbeinferredthattheRVSdatafusionalgorithmmusthavethehigherlevelaccuracythantheFKF.

2.3 MathematicalSimulation

Inordertoanalyzetheinfluenceontheactionsofrelayprotectionbyelectrifiedrails,thepropagationcharacteristicsofpowerqualitycausedbyelectrifiedrailsinthecommonpowernetarestudied,andthencomparedwiththecriterion’ssettingvaluesrelatedwithharmonicandnegativesequencecurrentofexistingprotectionforlines,transformers,generators[*].

2.4 ModifiedAlgorithmsforClassifiedInformation

Inthissection,weproposeaK-coveragedynamicoptimizationalgorithm,whichtakesallthepossiblepositionsthatthenon-uniformmovingtargetwillreacheachtimeintoconsideration,andexchangesinformationwithitsneighbornodes.Then,byusingthenon-uniformmotiontargettrajectorypredictionmodel,wecanmakedecisionwiththecoverageprobabilityvalueinturn.Andeachmomentdecisionmadeaheadoftimebyrotation,whicheffectivelyavoidthedelayofdecision-making.

TheimprovedmethodestablishesthehierarchicalrelationshipbasedontheAHPandDelphimethod.Theattributevaluesareintervalnumbers;itimprovestheaccuracyofthedatasourcebyconsideringtheinfluenceofsubjectiveandobjectivefuzzinessontheevaluationresults.Weightsaredeterminedbyusingtheanalytichierarchyprocessandanimprovedmaximizingdeviationmethod,thecombinationweightingmethodisusedtodeterminetheweight,itisnotonlytoconsiderthepreferenceoftheexpertstotheindex,butalsotoreducethesubjectivearbitraryoftheweight.Theinformationvectorofintervalnumberisextracted[6].Thevectorsimilarityalgorithmisusedasthegreycorrelationdegreemodeltocalculatethecorrelationdegreebetweentheinformationvectorofthecomparisonschemeandthereferencescheme.Itobtainstherelationalsequenceofeachschemeaccordingtothenumericalvalueofthecorrelationdegree.

Thesecondharmonicescapementingeneratorprotectionisaccordingthattheinrushcurrentcontainsalargenumberofsecondharmoniccurrent,whendetectingthecontentofthesecondharmoniccurrentislargerthanthesettingvaluethedifferentialrelaywillbelockedtopreventmis-operationcausedbyinrushcurrent.Thesecondharmonicescapementwhosesettingvalueis15%isinstalledinallofthetransformersinthemodel.Fromtable3andtable4theconclusioncanbedrawnthatduringthesteadystatefailure,secondharmoniccurrentaremuchlowerthanthesettingvaluetoeffectthetransformerprotectionandtheno.1areaclosesttotheharmonicsourcewhosedifferentialprotectionisnotaffectedbytheharmoniccurrentoftractionload,furthermore,theotherareasarenotaffectedbyit.

2.5 ConfirmationofJointProbability

Inordertoovercomethedisadvantageofthetraditionalfusionmethods,thenewmethodusingorientationinformationproposedinthispaper.ConverttheMSimageintoIHScolourspace,firstly.MatchthehistogramofPANimagetotheintensitycomponentofMSimage.ThendecomposenewPANimageandIcomponentintohighandlowfrequencycoefficientsbyNSCTtransform.PuttheimagegreyvalueintothePCNNmodeldirectly,itwillbenoteffectiveenough.SotheimagefeatureorientationinformationhasbeenappliedtoPCNNmodeltodealwithhighandlowfrequencycoefficients.ThefusedintensitycomponentwasreconstructedbyinverseNSCT.Finally,convertthefusedMSimagebacktoRGBspace.

SinceCSI300Futureslisting,themarketdevelopmentisveryrapid,fromtheinitial1000pointsuptonowmorethan3000points,thefuturesmarketshowingathriving,andprosperousdevelopmentofthesituation.BecauseCSI300stockindexfuturesandstockmarketsarecloselylinked,thereforethedevelopmentofthefuturesmarketmeansthatthestockmarketisalsodevelopedrapidly,butasweallknownlotsofinvestorsarelackofconfidenceintheChinesestockmarket.Ontheonehandstockindexfuturescandomoreorshort;inthedeliveryofcashtosettleaccounts;soinvestorscanavoidthevolatilityofthemarketfunds,toacertainextent,CSIFuturesplayanimportantroleinstabilizingthemarket.Ontheotherhandthefuturesmarketalsoprovidesaplacewheretransfersstockmarketpricesrisktothefuturesmarket,riskfromhedgersshiftedtospeculators.BecauseoftheexistenceofthespeculatorwhowantstopursuitprofitStockindexfuturesmarketcansmoothlyrealizethetransferofrisk.

Thus,weonlyneedtoconsiderthenodesoftrackingnodeset ofthetrackedtarget,andthenmakedecisionsinthenextmoment.Basedonsuppose5,attimet+1themostlikelyreachpositionofmovingtargetisthelocationwheretargetcontinuetomoveinwithaccelerationattimetandreachedafterainterval.

2.6 RandomVectorSpaceOptimalFusionApproach

Themagneticcrawlerhas2drivingwheels(orrearwheels)and2drivenwheels(orfrontwheels).Thedrivingwheelandthedrivenwheelonthesamesideareconnectedwiththebeltandthe2drivingwheelsarecontrolledby2motorsrespectively.Throughcoordinatedcontrolofthe2motors,itcouldberealizedtocontrolthemagneticcrawlertoforward,backwardandsteering.

3 FineTexturePatternRendering

AnintegrationcontrolschemebyusingtheDPTC-SVMalgorithmispresentedinthispaper,whichcanrealizenostaticerrorcontrolofthepowerandtorque.SVMisusedtorealizeaconstantswitchingfrequencyforadual-PWMconverter.Therapiddynamicresponseofthesystemisimproved,andtheactivepowercanbetransformedfromtheDC-linksidetotheinvertersideefficiently.SomeadvantagesareachievedbyTheDPTC-SVMalgorithmcomparedwithDPTCcontrolalgorithmtraditional,suchaspowerbidirectionalflow,unitypowerfactor,input-outputpowermatchingwell,constantswitchingfrequencyforthePWMrectifierandinverter,lowercurrentharmonicsandtorqueripples.ThesimulationandexperimentalresultsshowthevalidityoftheDPTC-SVMalgorithm.

4 Conclusion

Inengineeringapplications,inordertosatisfythesystemgainrequirement,itneedstoattenuatetheROFtransmissionmodulegain,thegainattenuationisdividedintothesetwowaysbetweencircuitandopticalpathattenuation.ButthenoisefigurechangesoftheROFtransmissionmodulebythesetwomethodscausedarenotthesame.NowbasedonthecircuitstructureoftheROFtransmissionmodulewedesigned,assumingthatRFgainattenuationwasbetween0dBand40dB,wewoulddiscussthenoisefigurechangeoftheROFtransmissionmodulebythesetwomethods.

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3.Q.Zheng,L.Fan,X.-Z.Li,AnartificialboundarymethodforBurgers'equationintheunboundeddomain,CMES:Comput.Model.Eng.Sci.100(2014)445-461.

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[*]Please find some detailed information.