Define Or Draw Examples of the Following

1. Define or draw examples of the following:
2. Replication[1] fork
3. Leading [2]strand
4. Laggin[3]g strand
5. Hel[4]icase
6. Liga[5]se
7. Topoisome[6]rase
8. RNA Primer
9. Single str[7]anded binding proteins
10. RNA primary struc[8]ture
11. RNA secondary structur[9]e
12. RNA tertiary stru[10]cture
13. Ribozym[11]e
14. Ribos[12]ome
15. Genoty[13]pe
16. Pheno[14]type
17. alle[15]le
18. Polym[16]erase
19. mRN[17]A
20. Telomer[18]ase

1. You will be able to compare and contrast the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of DNA and RNA[19][20][21][22].

1. If you have a genome that is 10% of the base Aden[23]ine, find the percentages of the other bases.

1. Explain how mutations can provide information about gene function.

1. Compare and contrast genotype and p[24][25]henotype.

1. Read “The Salvation of Doug” and discuss with a partner the m[26]ain concepts.

1. What is the central do[27]gma?

1. Compare and contrast transcription and t[28][29][30]ranslation.

1. What is the end of chromosome replication proble[31]m?
2. Draw it.
3. How is this solve[32]d?

1. What happened with Dolly the she[33]ep?

1. How are telomeres related to aging?[34]

1. Compare and contrast s[35]omatic and germline cells.

1. What is the difference betw[36]een DNA and RNA?

1. Draw the general structure of the n[37]itrogenous bases.

1. Diagram the three possible mechanisms of [38]DNA replication.
2. Which is correc[39]t?
3. How do we know this is c[40]orrect?

1. How many bases code for the amino[41] acids?
2. Why?

1. Use an animo acid coding table table to go from RNA to amino acid.
2. Why can’t you go from amino acid to RNA?

[1]paired leading and lagging and proteins

[2]5 - 3

[3]okazaki fragments

[4]breaks hydrogen bonds

[5]joins fragments

[6]relief of torsional strain

[7]hold strand apart

[8]single strand

[9]hair pin stem loop

[10]tRNA

[11]RNA molecule that acts as an enzyme

[12]protein synthesus

[13]genome

[14]observable

[15]variations on genome

[16]replication

[17]between DNA and protein

[18]fills in telomere gaps

[19]RNA tertiary is tRNA

[20]RNA picture in drive

[21] DNA

[22]RNA likes to interact with itself, stem loop

[23]A - 10

T - 10

C - 40

G - 40

[24]genotype - genome

phenotype - observable

[25]connection between DNA and gene expression

[26]loss of function alleles and relation of geno to pheno

[27]

[28]

[29]translation- between languages RNA to protein

DNA to RNA is transcription, same language

[30]DNA does not become RNA

it is copied - written down again

[31]

[32]

[33]took an old somatic nucleus into an egg

shortened telomeres at birth

age related diseases quickly, half the life expectancy

[34]We inherit telomeres from our parents, but no matter the length of our telomeres at birth, everyone’s get shorter as they age.4,6

Shorter telomeres have a negative effect on our health.4,8

Telomere shortening is the main cause of age-related break down of our cells.2

When telomeres get too short, our cells can no longer reproduce, which causes our tissues to degenerate and eventually die.1,4

Some cells, like those found in the skin, hair and immune system, are most affected by telomere shortening because they reproduce more often

[35]Somatic - finite divisions, no telomerase

GAmetes - extend telomeres for next generation

[36]Deoxyribose - H group, T

Ribose - OH group, U

[37]

[38]

[39]semi conservative

[40]

[41]3

because 1 bp is 4

because 2 bp is 16

3 bp is enough

read in three letter words

64 combinations - wobble

redundant - multiple ways to code the same amino acid