Coyle/Tang-Johnsonchemistry Study Guide

Coyle/Tang-Johnsonchemistry Study Guide

Coyle/Tang-JohnsonChemistry Study Guide

Chapter 3 Study Guide

TEST: Monday 10/11/10

3.1 Measurement and Their Uncertainty

Define the following terms:

- scientific notation

- precision

- accuracy

- accepted value

- experimental value

- percent error

- significant figures

- Atlantic/Pacific Rule

- Addition & Subtraction Rule

- Multiplication and Division Rule

Practice:

I. Write the following numbers in scientific notation

a)130,000

b)675

c)0.000034

d)3567.241 x 105

e)0.826

f)0.057684 x 103

II. Find the percent error if the accepted value for a measurement was 45.0g, and the experimental value was 42.5g.

III. Identify the number of significant figures for the following numbers:

a)24.564

b)0.0003

c)4200

d)2.9 x 10-6

e)203040

f)0.1

g)72

IV. Solve each problem below and give the answer with the correct number of decimal places. Remember the different rules for addition/subtraction and multiplication/division!

a)3.05 + 9.1 =

b)9048 – 12.354 =

c)6.801 x 1.0 =

d)4830 / 0.02=

3.2 The International System of Units

Define the following terms:

- International System of Units

Fill out the chart below with the correct SI base units:

Quatity / SI Base Unit / Symbol
Length
Mass
Temperature
Time
Amount of Substance
Luminous intensity
Electric current

Know the SI derived units:

Quantity / unit / Symbol
Volume / cubic meter / m3
Density / kilograms per cubic meter / kg/m3
Speed / meter per second / m/s
Newton / kg m/ s2 / N
Energy / Joule (kg m2/s2) / J
Pressure / Pascal (kg/(ms2) / Pa

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Coyle/Tang-JohnsonChemistry Study Guide

Memorize these metric prefixes:

mega- / M / 106
kilo- / k / 103
deci- / d / 10-1
centi- / c / 10-2
milli- / m / 10-3
micro- / μ / 10-6

What is 1 calorie?

What are the common metric units of volume?
What are the common metric units of mass?

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Coyle/Tang-JohnsonChemistry Study Guide

What is temperature?

What are the boiling and freezing point of water on the Celsius scale?

What are the boiling and freezing point of water on the Kelvin scale?

What is the temperature of absolute zero in Celsius? In Kelvin?

How can one convert from Kelvin to Celsius and vice versa?

What is 46 degrees Celsius in Kelvin?

3.3 Conversion Problems

* Always list the knowns and the unknowns
* Write the conversion factor(s) you will need
* Label units throughout the entire problem
* Make sure units cancel each other out (top to bottom)
* Multiply across the top; divide by what’s on the bottom
* Use parentheses when plugging into your calculator, especially when powers are involved

Example:Convert 72,000 m to km

Known = 72,000 mUnknown = distance in km

Conversion factor: 1000m = 1km

72,000 mx 1 km . =72 km

1000 m

One Step Practice Problems

  1. 7.25 km = ______m
  1. 4000 mg = ______g
  1. 123 L = _____ ml
  1. 161 mm= _____ m
  1. 5830 mm = _____ m
  1. 254 m = _____ mm
  1. 1008 g = _____ mg
  1. 1 km = ______m
  1. 350 L = _____ mL

Two-step problems – Remember to go back to base first, then do the second step.

  1. 2 kg = ______μg
  1. 905 km = ______mm
  1. 450 cm = ______mm
  1. 32,897 mm = ______cm
  1. 4.5 mg = ______kg
  1. .007 kg = ______mg
  1. 58,345.67 cm = ______km

Complete the following conversions

1) 46 kg=______cg

2) 27mm=______dm

3) 2 km=______dm

4) 362mL=______L

5) 885cg=______hg

6) 15349 cm=______km

7) 233 kL=______mL

8) 76g=______mg

9) 999.002μm=______cm

10) 2567mm=______km

3.4 Density

What is the formula for density?

What are some common units of density?

What is the difference between mass and weight?

How does temperature affect density?

Does density depend on the amount of the substance present? Why or why not?

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