Name ______Period ______Date ______
Cold War: Korean and Vietnam Wars
Korean War
American involvement in the ______in the early 1950s reflected the American policy of ______of ______
•Containment “American policy of ______the______of communism around the world”
War lasted 1950-1953
Background
Japan had ______the Korean peninsula before WWI; Japanese defeated in WWII
1945 Allies agreed on a ______solution = temporary division of Korea at the 38th ______
- ______-occupied ______zone
- ______-occupied ______zone
Soon a ______-______government formed in ______Korea and a ______regime was established in ______Korea.
War breaks out in Korea
Koreans on ______sides of the dividing line wanted to ______their nation
______1950: the Korean War broke out when ______troops ______South Korea over the 38th parallel border they were determined to reunite Korea______
U.S. response
1) Pres. ______brought the issue of North Korean aggression to the ______
2)Truman ordered American ______and ______support + ______troops to aid the South Koreans.
3) Truman did ______go to ______for an official declaration of war (as required by the ______)
- Article 1, Section 8: Congress maintains the power to ______
UN Police Action
The U.S. chose Gen. Douglas ______to be the ______of the UN forces
Americans made up roughly 80% of ______in Korea
•Police action: a ______military action without declaration of war
Waging the War
American military forces led a United Nations ______that drove deep into ______itself.
Communist ______forces came into the war on the side of North Korea to ______UN forces
______developed between the two sides
______signed in 1953 left Korea______at almost the exact same place as before the war near the 38th ______
Effects of Korean War
1) Enormous ______in United States 54,000 dead, 103,000 wounded for ______results
2) ______of Communist forces, containment ______nuclear war
3) ______of ______in armed forces
4) Huge ______in ______
5) Development of powerful ______-______complex
6) Permanent ______of troops
Vietnam War
American involvement in the ______also reflected the Cold War policy of ______of communism
Background
“______theory”: refers to the fear that if one ______nation fell to the Communists, the others would also fall
Because of its ______location, a Communist ______of Vietnam posed a ______to Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand
Increasing U.S. Involvement
Beginning in the 1950s and continuing into the early 1960s, the ______government of ______Vietnam attempted to install a communist government in ______Vietnam______
The ______helped South Vietnam______
The American military ______in Vietnam began under Pres. ______and Pres. John F. ______
After Kennedy’s ______in 1963, the military buildup was ______under Pres. Lyndon ______
Gulf of Tonkin
August 1964: Johnson announced that North Vietnamese ______had attacked U.S. destroyers in the ______(______waters)
Johnson asked ______for authority to take ______against North Vietnam Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin______
Fighting the War / Ground War / Air WarNearly 3 ______Americans served in the Vietnam War
Battlefield conditions were ______:
•Viet Cong (Communist guerillas in South Korea) were familiar with ______
•South Vietnamese seemed ______
•Couldn’t ______anyone
•Intense ______, jungle climate / Viet Cong lacked sophisticated equipment, so they used ______warfare tactics
•Worked in small groups to launch ______attacks
•Hid in elaborate underground ______
•Set ______traps like camouflaged ______and ______/ ______bombing: huge B-52 American bombers dropped thousands of tons of ______over large areas
Chemical weapons:
•______: a destructive ______, splattered and burned uncontrollably when dropped from airplanes, including on human ______
____________that killed leaves and undergrowth to expose Viet Cong hiding places; also killed ______and caused ______problems
Despite the ______United States presence in South Vietnam (536,000 by end of 1968), Communist forces ______their efforts
Tet Offensive
•Major offensive launched by ______and ______Vietnamese on January 30, 1968
•Communists were extremely ______, killing anyone they labeled an enemy
•Viet Cong won ______victory
Massacre at My Lai
March 1968: U.S. infantry company entered ______(small village that was supposedly sheltering Viet Cong)
U.S. soldiers found only ______, ______, and ______in the village the U.S. soldiers massacred these civilians
More than 400 INNOCENT Vietnamese died until a U.S.______crew stepped in to halt the slaughter
Political Divisions
The country became ______over the Vietnam War.
Some Americans ______the American military and the war effort, hoped for military victory
Other Americans believed the war was ______, urged immediate withdrawal
Student Activism
Active opposition to the war occurred especially on ______campuses
Students were among the first to speak out against the Vietnam War:
•“______”
•______
•______
Nixon and “Vietnamization”
After Johnson declined to seek re-election, President ______was elected on his pledge to bring the war to an ______.
He instituted the policy of “______” ______American troops and replacing them with South Vietnamese soldiers, while maintaining military aid to the South Vietnamese
End of the War
January 1973: U.S., South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and Viet Cong signed ______
Nixon ______out of office by the ______scandal (1972-1974)
•Break-in at Democratic National Convention headquarters
•Nixon part of illegal cover-up
•Nixon impeached, then resigned
Ultimately “Vietnamization” ______when South Vietnamese troops were ______to resist______by the Soviet-supplied North Vietnamese Army
April 30, 1975 North Vietnam completed its ______of South Vietnam
North and South Vietnam______under communist control
Impact of Vietnam War
More than 58,000 Americans dead
300,000 Americans wounded
More than 2,500 MIA (______) and POWs (______)
______and ______successful war in American history
United States spent at least $150 billion on the Vietnam War
______bombs dropped on Vietnam than on all the Axis powers in WWII
______the nation more than any other war besides the Civil War