Chapter 7 – Cell structure and function note sheet

Ò  Everything happens at ______

Ò  Biology used to look @ large levels: critters, behaviors, environment

Ò  Science has proven EVERYTHING is ______

Ò  How did science prove this?

Ò  ______!!!

Ò  Robert Hooke

Ò  ______Microscope

Ò  ______

Ò  Cells: monastery rooms were called cells

Ò  Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Ò  ______: pond water

Ò  Lots of “Stuff’ in the water

É  Even drinking water

Ò  The cell theory

Ò  All living things are ______

Ò  Cells are the ______in living things

Ò  New cells are produced ______

Ò  Types of cells: Prokaryotes

É  Do not contain a ______

É  the ______of the cell

É  First cells to have ______

É  ______than other cells

É  HOWEVER: carry out ALL functions of Eukaryote

É  ______

Ò  BACTERIA J

Ò  Eukaryote cells

Ò  Larger & more ______

Ò  Well defined ______

É  ______

Ò  Most are ______organisms

É  Plants

É  Animals

Ò  Cell Structure & Function

Ò  Eukaryotic Cell structure: organelles

Ò  Each structure lives in the ______

Ò  Nucleus- Brain; all ______

É  ______- surrounds nucleus

É  ______-DNA bound to proteins (grains thru-out)

É  ______- chromatin becomes chromosomes

Р Contains actual ______that is passed from 1 to another

É  ______- Proteins assembly!

Ò  ______- make proteins!!! Very important J

Ò  ______- ER: lipids & proteins are assembled & exported from the cell AMBULANCE

É  Rough ER: has ______; creates proteins

É  Smooth ER: contains ______; detox drugs, makes lipids

Ò  Golgi apparatus- proteins from ER come here to package & release to either: ______

Ò  Lysosomes- lysol: clean up cell; ______

Ò  Vacuoles- you store your vacuum in a storage facility- ______

Ò  Mitochondria- mighty mites of cell!! ______

Ò  Chloroplasts- ______: captures light E from sun & convert it to chemical E for plant use

É  Both mito & chloro have ______

Ò  Cytoskeleton- ______

É  Network of protein filaments

Р Microfilaments ______

Р Microtubules ______

Ò  ______: found only in animal cells; helps in cell division

Ò  Cell boundaries

Ò  ______: regulates what enters & leaves

É  Lipid bilayer- gives cell flexible structure; ______

É  Molecules are embedded in membrane

Ò  ______: ONLY in PLANT CELLS! Outside cell membrane; porous to allow flow; very strong to provide support & protection for plant

É  Crunchy part of fruits and veggies

Ò  Diffusion

Ò  Particles w/in a solution ______.

Ò  Particles move from an area ______

Ò  ______: when the particles equal the same throughout the solution or area

Ò  Osmosis

Ò  Absolutely the same as diffusion except:

Ò  ______is the particle: the diffusion of water through a ______

Ò  ______: same; is equal- same strength

Ò  ______: below; below strength

Ò  ______: above; above strength

Ò  ALL DONE WITHOUT ENERGY!

Ò  Facilitated diffusion

Ò  Still does not require energy!!

Ò  Molecules that are too large, must be allowed to enter:

É  Protein channels: if molecules are recog., will open

É  Same principle: if there are too many on 1 side, molecules will want to move to the other

Ò  Active transport

Ò  Requires energy!!

Ò  Some molecules need to move ______

Ò  ______: INTO-cytosis; brings molecules inside cell

É  Pinocytosis: cell ______(vacuoles pinch into cell)

É  Phagocytosis: cell ______- vacuoles engulf food, and bring them into cell

Ò  ______: Exit-cytosis; vacuole engulfs particle, spits it out of cell

Ò  Diversity of life

Ò  ______- single celled organisms (dominate life on Earth)

Ò  ______- more than 1 cell. Specialized cells

Ò  Levels of Organization

É  ______

É  ______

É  ______

É  ______

É  ______