Chapter 14 Blood

Chapter 14 Blood

I.Overview

1. Science of blood is called ______

1. Identify six major functions of blood

1. Components of blood
2. Blood is a type of ______tissue

1. Identify three types of blood cells that make-up the formed elements

1. The Liquid portion of blood is called______, and constitutes about ______% of blood.

1. Centrifuged blood creates a layer of packed red blood cells, called______, which constitutes about ______% of blood.

1. Blood Cell Formation
2. The formation of new blood cells is called ______.

1. Where are new blood cells formed?

1. The stem cells that give rise to all blood cells are called ______.

1. What determines the fate of blood stem cells?

II.Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

1. List 5 characteristics of Red Blood Cells
2. Size:

1. Shape

1. Nucleus:

1. Hemoglobin
2. % of RBC =
3. Oxygen bound hemoglobin =
4. Hemoglobin without oxygen =

1. Flexibility:

1. Give the Red Blood Cell Counts for the following. Units are measured in cells/µL
2. Adult male =

1. Adult female =

1. Child =

1. Production of new Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
2. The production of new RBCs is called ______.

1. What growth factor stimulates the formation of new RBCs?

1. Name 2 organs that secrete this growth factor.

1. Illustrate the formation of a new red blood cell. Include the stem cell, two intermediate cells, and the red blood cell. Where does this process take place?

1. What is the average lifespan of a circulating RBC?

1. What stimulates red blood cell production?

1. Destruction of Red Blood Cells
2. Identify two organs that remove old red blood cells from circulation:
3. –
4. –

1. Illustrate the breakdown of hemoglobin into its individual components. Indicate what happens to each of hemoglobin’s component parts during the breakdown.

1. What is Jaundice?

1. Red Blood Cell Disorders
2. An excess of RBCs is called ______, or alternatively known as ______.

1. Low oxygen capacity of blood is called ______. List 4 types of this disorder.

III.White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

1. Overview
2. Provide 3 functions of leukocytes
3. –

1. –

1. –

1. Which growth factor promotes the formation of new White blood cells

1. Name the five primary types of white blood cells, and indicate whether each is a granulocyte, or an agranulocyte.
2. –

1. –

1. –

1. –

1. –

1. What are granules?

1. Where are most WBCs formed?

1. Lists characteristics for each of the following types of White Blood Cells

1. Neutrophil
2. Constitutes _____% of white blood cells

1. Number of nuclei:

1. Another name for neutrophil:

1. Characteristic of granules:

1. Lifespan of a neutrophil:

1. What is a primary function of neutrophil?

1. Eosinophils
2. Constitutes ______% of white blood cells

1. Number of nuclei

1. Characteristics of granules

1. Provide two functions of eosinophils

1. Basophils
2. Constitutes ______% of white blood cells

1. Characteristic of nucleus:

1. Characteristics of granules

1. Provide two functions of basophils

1. Monocytes
2. Constitutes ______% of white blood cells

1. Size of monocytes:

1. During infection, monocytes enlarge and become ______.

1. What is the primary function of monocytes?

1. Lymphocytes
2. Constitutes ______% of white blood cells

1. Characteristic of nucleus & cytoplasm

1. Lifespan of lymphocytes:

1. Function of lymphocytes:

1. List the two types of lymphocytes
2. –
3. -

1. White Blood Cell Movements & Protection
2. WBCs move throughout the body using ______type of movements. Which types of white blood cells are the most mobile?

1. Leukocytes can squeeze between the cells of a capillary wall and enter the tissue space outside the blood vessel. This movement is called ______.

1. WBCs are attracted to chemicals released by damaged tissue. This is called ______.

1. What is pus?

1. White Blood Cell Counts
2. What is the average WBC count in an adult male?

1. An excess of WBCs in the blood is called ______.
2. What is the WBC count for someone with this condition?
3. List three possible causes for this condition
4. –
5. –
6. –

1. A deficiency of WBCs in the blood is called ______.
2. List a possible cause for this condition:

1. Differential White Blood Cell Count (DIFF)
2. Identify the expected DIFF for each of the following conditions:
3. Acute bacterial infection =
4. Tapeworm infection=
5. AIDS=
6. Allergic Reaction=

IV.Plateletes (thrombocytes)

1. Characteristics of Platelets
2. Platelets are cell fragments from ______cells.

1. What is the average range for a platelet count?

1. The growth factor that stimulates platelet production is called ______.

1. What stem cell gives rise to the cells that produce platelets?

1. What is the primary function of platelets.

V.Plasma Components

1. Water constitutes ______% of plasma

1. Plasma Proteins - Indicate name, function, and origin for the three following plasma protiens.

1. ______is the most abundant plasma protein.

1. Constitutes _____% of all plasma proteins

1. Which organ synthesizes this protein?

1. What is the primary function of this protein?

1. The plasma protein______consists of three subclasses (alpha, beta, gamma), and they constitute ______% of all plasma proteins

1. Alpha and beta proteins are formed in the ______, and their primary function is

1. Gamma proteins are synthesized in ______, and they primarily function as

1. ______constitutes 4% of plasma proteins, and they play a role in ______.

1. Blood Gasses
2. ______binds to hemoglobin, so less than 2% is dissolved in plasma as a gas.

1. ______is transported primarily as bicarbonate. Only 7% is dissolved in plasma.

1. Nutrients
2. Glucose & amino acids are absorbed from the digestive tract into the blood.

1. Lipids are also transported in the blood, but how does their transport differ from the transport of amino acids and glucose?

1. Electrolytes - List 7 electrolytes that are transported in plasma. Include their atomic symbols.

1. NonProtein Nitrogenous Substances (NNS)- List three NNS dissolved in plasma.
2. –
3. –
4. –

VI.Hemostasis

1. Vasospasm
2. Define vasospasm

1. How does vasospasm reduce blood loss?

1. Platelet Plug formation
2. Describe the major events that occur during the formation of a platelet plug.

1. What chemicals secreted by platelets, attracts additional platelets to the damaged area?

1. Coagulation “Blood Clot Formation”
2. Coagulation is a cascade reaction involving several biochemicals called ______.

1. Extrinsic Mechanism
2. What event stimulates the extrinsic mechanism?

1. Damaged tissue releases ______, which initiates the extrinsic mechanism.

1. The extrinsic mechanism ends with activation of ______.

1. Intrinsic Mechanism
2. What event stimulates the intrinsic mechanism

1. The intrinsic mechanism is initiated by the activation of ______.

1. The intrinsic mechanism ends with the activation of ______.

1. Common Pathway
2. Describe the major events that occur in the common pathway. Begin with Activated Factor X, and end with the formation of the blood clot.

1. Clot Dissolution
2. List three events that occur with the dissolution of a blood clot.

1. Blood Clot Disorders
2. ______is an abnormal blood clot

1. A blood clot moving in circulation is called an ______.

1. ______is a condition that refers to the accumulation of fatty deposits along the arterial lining.

1. Explain how Atherosclerosis increases the likelihood of an embolism.

1. Define Stenosis.

VII.Blood Typing

1. Definitions
2. The clumping of red blood cells when testing blood compatibility is called ______

1. Molecules that trigger an immune response are called ______

1. Plasma proteins produced by activated B-cells (Plasma cells) are called ______.

1. Blood Types
2. List the antigens and antibodies present for each of the following blood types:

Blood TypeAntigen(s)Antibodies

ABO

1. Type A

1. Type B

1. Type AB

1. Type O

Rh Factor

1. Rh positive

1. Rh negative