CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM WORKSHEET Part 2

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM WORKSHEET Part 2

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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM WORKSHEET Part 2

Blood and Blood Flow through Vessels

1.List the features of red blood cells (RBCs) that make them specialized for their function.

1)

2)

3)

4)

2. List the white blood cells (WBCs) in blood and briefly describe their roles. (Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas)

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

Stroke Volume and Venous Return

3.Define venous return. ______.

4.Venous return is best indicated by (end-systolic volume/end-diastolic volume?)

5.From page 491 of text, list and briefly explain the important factors that enhance venous return.

6.How does Norepinephrine (NE) enhance the force of cardiac muscle contraction? (Fig. 14-30)

7.When voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are phosphorylated, their probability of opening is (increased or decreased?) and (more or less?) Ca2+ enters the cell.

8.What is phospholamban and what role does it play in altering cardiac muscle contraction?

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

9.If blood flow through the aorta is 5 L/min, what's blood flow through the pulmonary artery? ______.

Pressure, Volume, Flow and Resistance (see page 460)

10. Liquids and gases flow from areas of ______pressure to areas of ______pressure. (p. 460)

11.How does the cardiovascular system create a region of higher pressure? ______.

As blood moves away from the heart, what happens to the pressure of it? ______.

The highest pressure in the blood vessels is found in the ______and the lowest in the ______.

(Fig. 14-2, p. 460-61)

12. What happens to pressure when the heart relaxes or the blood vessels dilate? ______.

Blood Flows from Higher Pressure to Lower Pressure

13. What is a pressure gradient? (Fig. 14-4) ______. Consider the following information: Fluid is flowing through two identical tubes. In tube A, the pressure at one end is 150 mm Hg and the pressure at the other end is 100 mm Hg. In tube B, the pressure at one end is 75 mm Hg and the pressure at the other end is 10 mm Hg. Which tube will have the greatest flow? ______.

Resistance Opposes Flow

14. Define resistance (R). ______.

15. When resistance increases, flow (increases/decreases?). Express this relationship in a mathematical equation:

16. Name and describe briefly the 3 parameters that influence resistance for fluid flowing through a tube.

1)

2)

3)

17. In humans, which of the factors above is not relatively constant and thus play the most significant role in determining resistance to blood flow? ______.

Write the equation known as Poiseuille's Law: ______.

18.List and briefly compare 3 ways that arteries and veins differ from each other.

1)

2)

3)

19.When the radius of a tube decreases; what happens to the resistance of that tube? ______.

20.What happens to flow through that tube? ______.

21.Write a simplified equation for the relationship between resistance and radius: ______.

22.If the radius of a tube doubles, what happens to the resistance? (Fig. 14-5) ______.

23.Define the following in terms of diameterof vessel and resistance to blood flow.

Vasoconstriction =

Vasodilation =

24.Write the equation that expresses the relationship between flow, the pressure gradient and resistance.

25. Draw a flow diagram of the Baroreceptorresponse of the body to a)  BP and b)  BP

Blood Vessels Contain Vascular Smooth Muscle (VSM)

Table 1. Fill in as detailed as possible when describing the layers that make each vessel.

Blood Vessel / Physical Characteristic / Function(s)
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins

Table 2.Fill in the table below giving 3 examples of vasoconstrictors and vasodilators with their sources (i.e., where they are produced) and receptors on which they act.

Vasoconstrictor / Source and Receptors / Vasodilator / Source and Receptors

26.What is cardiovascular shock?

27.Describe cardiac shock:

28.Describe volumetric shock:

29.Describe anaphylactic shock:

30.Describe septic shock: