ECSTASY 2010<747>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009640179
Authors Von Ameln N. Von Ameln-Mayerhofer A.
Institution
(Von Ameln, Von Ameln-Mayerhofer) University of Tuebingen, Neuropharmacology, Auf der Morgenstelle 28E, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Atypical development of behavioural sensitization to 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'Ecstasy') in adolescent rats and its expression in adulthood: Role of the MDMA chirality.
Source
Addiction Biology. 15(1)(pp 35-44), 2010. Date of Publication: January 2010.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Despite the great popularity of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) as a drug of abuse, not much is known about the detailed mechanisms of the acute and subchronic effects of the drug. There is especially a lack of information about the distinct behavioural effects of its optical isomers (enantiomers) R- and S-MDMA compared with the racemic RS-MDMA. For this purpose, adolescent rats were repetitively treated during two treatment stages (stage 1: days 1-10; stage 2: days 15, 17, 19) with RS-MDMA (5 or 10 mg/kg) or each of the respective enantiomers (5 mg/kg). The repeated treatment started on postnatal day (PND) 32 and locomotor activity was measured on each day by means of a photobeam-equipped activity box system. RS-MDMA or S-MDMA administration led acutely to massive hyperlocomotion and subchronically, to the development of behavioural sensitization after a short habituation period. R-MDMA was free of hyperactivating effects and even decreased locomotor behaviour upon repeated treatment. Nevertheless, co-administration of R-MDMA increased the hyperactivity of S-MDMA and made the S-MDMA induced behavioural sensitization state-dependent. The animals pre-treated with R-MDMA showed a sensitized response in adulthood when tested with RS-MDMA. Our results indicated that even in the absence of substantial neurotoxicity, both MDMA enantiomers can lead to long-term changes in brain circuitry and concomitant behavioural changes when repeatedly administered in adolescence. The sensitization development was most pronounced in the animals treated with S- and RS-MDMA; the animals with R-MDMA did not develop sensitization under repeated treatment but expressed a sensitized response when challenged with RS-MDMA. copyright 2010 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 1355-6215
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction Biology
Volume 15
Issue Part 1
Page 35-44
Year of Publication 2010
Date of Publication January 2010
ECSTASY 2010<753>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009640172
Authors Martin-Santos R. Torrens M. Poudevida S. Langohr K. Cuyas E. Pacifici R. Farre M. Pichini S. De La Torre R.
Institution
(Martin-Santos, Poudevida, Langohr, Cuyas, Farre, De La Torre) Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Institut Municipal d'Investigacio Medica, IMIM-Hospital Del Mar, Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.
(Martin-Santos) Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
(Torrens) Institut d'Atencio Psiquiatrica: Salut Mental i Toxicomanies (IAPS), HospitalDel Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
(Torrens, Cuyas, Farre) Universitat Autonoma, Barcelona, Spain.
(Langohr) Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
(Pacifici, Pichini) Drug Control and Evaluation Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.
(De La Torre) Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
5-HTTLPR polymorphism, mood disorders and MDMA use in a 3-year follow-up study.
Source
Addiction Biology. 15(1)(pp 15-22), 2010. Date of Publication: January 2010.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
A 3-year longitudinal prospective study was conducted to compare the incidence of substance use disorders (SUD) and non-substance use disorders (NSUD) among ecstasy users and two control groups: One of cannabis users and the other of non-drug users. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism related to NSUD was also studied. A total of 94 subjects were included: 37 ecstasy users, 23 cannabis users and 34 non-drug users. SUD and NSUD disorders were diagnosed according to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders criteria using the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders. Incidence Rates (IR) are presented. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was analyzed. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was studied. The results of the study showed that the highest IR of SUD was cannabis abuse/dependence in both the ecstasy (IR: 48.6/100 person-year) and cannabis (IR: 2.5/100 person-year) groups. There were no new cases of SUD in non-drug users at follow-up. The highest IR of NSUD was primary mood disorder in both the ecstasy (IR: 4.2/100 person-year) and in the non-drug (IR: 1.3/100 person-year) groups (P < 0.282). There were no new cases of NSUD in the cannabis group at follow-up. 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was associated with lifetime of primary mood disorders in ecstasy group (P = 0.018). Ecstasy use was associated with a higher rate of cannabis abuse/dependence disorders and mood disorders than cannabis use. In the ecstasy users, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism may result in a high vulnerability to primary mood disorders. copyright 2009 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 1355-6215
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction Biology
Volume 15
Issue Part 1
Page 15-22
Year of Publication 2010
Date of Publication January 2010
COCAINE / ECSTASY 2010<754>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009640171
Authors Alvarenga T.A. Andersen M.L. Ribeiro D.A. Araujo P. Hirotsu C. Costa J.L. Battisti M.C. Tufik S.
Institution
(Alvarenga, Andersen, Araujo, Hirotsu, Battisti, Tufik) Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
(Ribeiro) Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
(Costa) Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, Criminalistic Institute, Brazil.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Single exposure to cocaine or ecstasy induces DNA damage in brain and other organs of mice.
Source
Addiction Biology. 15(1)(pp 96-99), 2010. Date of Publication: January 2010.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
We evaluated the overall genetic damage induced by different doses of cocaine and MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) in several organs. One hour after intraperitoneal drug administration, mice were euthanized; peripheral blood, liver and brain were collected, and the cellular suspensions were used for the single cell gel (comet) assay. We determined that all doses of cocaine and MDMA tested were able to induce DNA damage in blood cells. Extensive genotoxic damage was induced by cocaine or MDMA at the highest doses used in liver cells. Brain cells were affected by all doses administrated. These findings demonstrate that cocaine and MDMA are potent genotoxins. copyright 2009 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 1355-6215
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction Biology
Volume 15
Issue Part 1
Page 96-99
Year of Publication 2010
Date of Publication January 2010
ECSTASY 2010<889>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2010108610
Authors Bedi G. Van Dam N.T. Redman J.
Institution
(Bedi, Redman) School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, MonashUniversity, Melbourne, Australia.
(Van Dam) Department of Psychology, University at Albany, Suny, NY, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Ecstasy (MDMA) and high prevalence psychiatric symptomatology: Somatic anxiety symptoms are associated with polydrug, not ecstasy, use.
Source
Journal of Psychopharmacology. 24(2)(pp 233-240), 2010. Date of Publication: February 2010.
Publisher
SAGE Publications Ltd
Abstract
Although previous studies have examined anxiety and depression in ecstasy (+/-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDMA) users, it remains unclear whether symptoms are associated specifically with ecstasy or with polydrug use in general. We compared mean symptomatology and clinically significant symptoms in 45 ecstasy polydrug, 48 cannabis polydrug and 40 legal drug users, who completed standardised self-report anxiety and depression symptom measures. We further examined whether group differences were secondary to increased somatic symptom reporting, which may reflect acute/subacute drug effects. Anxiety and depression scores were higher in polydrug than legal drug users, with no difference between ecstasy and cannabis groups. There was no difference in numbers meeting criteria for clinically significant depression or moderate or severe anxiety, but the polydrug group contained more individuals reporting at least mild anxiety symptoms than the legal drug control. Multivariate analyses indicated that anxiety alone was sufficient to discriminate groups. Polydrug users reported more somatic anxiety symptoms than legal drug users, but endorsed equivalent numbers of non-somatic symptoms. High prevalence psychiatric symptomatology in ecstasy polydrug users may be associated with polydrug rather than ecstasy use. Higher ratings in polydrug users appear to be secondary to increased somatic symptom reporting, suggesting possible impacts of drug effects on symptom endorsement. copyright 2010 British Association for Psychopharmacology.
ISSN 0269-8811
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Journal of Psychopharmacology
Volume 24
Issue Part 2
Page 233-240
Year of Publication 2010
Date of Publication February 2010