2.Interpersonal Communication
2.INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
(i.e., communication between individual people, including accounts of how speech and non-verbal communication enable us to relate to one another. Further aspects also cover how we present ourselves to others, how we perceive other people and what barriers to communication may exist.)
1 MEANS OF CONTACT
1.1Non-verbal communication (NVC)
1.2Speech
2.MAKING CONTACT
2.1 Strategies
2.2 Presentation of self
2.3 Communication skills
Making contact with others
Shaping relationships
Situations and interpersonal communication
Formal/informal; Public/private;Distant/intimate;Ritual/open;Functional/expressive;
3. REGULATION OF CONTACT
3.1 Feedback
two main aspects.
- verbal or non-verbal
- an adjustment of the content and style of communication may take place as a result of feedback.
1.1 Non-verbal communication (NVC)
We make and receive non-verbal signs whenever we are with others.These non-verbal signs can be placed under three main headings:
(a) body language; (b) paralanguage; (c) dress.
(a) Body language
This tells us a lot about people's feelings, attitudes and intentions.
Body language includes five main elements, as follows:
(i)Gesture: refers to the way we use our arms and hands.
(ii)Expression: refers to the way that we signal with our faces.
(iii)Body posture: refers to the way that we hold our bodies.
(iv)Body space and body proximity: refers to how near to others we stand or sit. The meaning of body proximity, like that of other non-verbal signs, varies from culture to culture.
(v)Touch: is about who we touch, when, where and how. It is also notorious that the British are one of the least 'touching' nations in the world,
(b) Paralanguage
This tells us a lot about how to interpret the meanings of words during a conversation.They are often about immediate reactions and emotions.(whistle or gasp, scream with fright or groan with pain)
signs such as pitch, stress and volume.
Paralanguage can suggest things about a person's state of mind or their emotions.
(c) Dress
The third kind of non-verbal communication that we use is to do with dress, hair, jewelry and make-up. This one says a lot about personality, role, job and status. Dress also signals people's identity.
All of us have a tendency to read meanings into objects. (> Class by Paul Fussell)
General Comments
1. NVC has a number of characteristics and functions.
Some functions occur when it is used with language. It may reinforce, it may elaborate,and it may modify what is said.
2. NVC is a primary code of communication, as much as written language. NVC is also controlled by conventions (rules) in the way it is used although these conventions are not as exact as the rules of grammar, which control our use of language.
3. Ritual kinds of non-verbal behaviour are also common. (Chanting or flag-waving fans)
4. Non-verbal cues may be involuntary or intentional.It is in fact quite difficult to control many non-verbal signs.
5. NVC is specific to nations or cultures.A culture or subculture is a collection of people who have strong beliefs and values in common.So NVC is a complex combination of signs through which we can communicate, even when we aren't talking.
6. NVC helps build and maintain relationships.
7. NVC relates to the idea of feedback.
1.2 Speech
Spoken words are sound signs.
Speech is a code of signs, ruled by conventions.
What we call the English or Hungarian language is a primary code of communication.
Dialectsand Accents should not be confused.
Speech uses register: upper and lower register.
Speech uses idiom and colloquialisms.
Speech is part of culture.
Speech has particular uses.
2.MAKING CONTACT
2.1 Strategies
A strategy is a short piece of communication behaviour or interaction. It involves the deliberate use of verbal and non-verbal signs to achieve a communicative purpose.
A matter of habitbecomes a ritual.
2.2 Presentation of self
We present different personalities to other people according to the situation we are in.
The persona is the character that we adopt to play the part.
The idea of a persona is very close to the idea of role in groups. (see later)
A performance is the act of presenting the self.
2.3 Communication skills
A communication skill is an ability to use a means of communication effectively, with regard for the needs of those involved.
It is a skill to be able to use strategies effectively.
It is a skill to be able to present the self effectively.
Making contact with others
Initiating, managing and ending contact with others is a basic human experience of everyday life.
Shaping relationships
Interpersonal communication is most important in that it helps define our relationships with other people. It can make them or break them. It can help maintain them.
If we want to be liked, then we have to do something about it.
Situations and interpersonal communication
in terms of oppositions: Formal/informal, Public/private, Distant/intimate, Ritual/open, Functional/expressive
3. REGULATION OF CONTACT
3.1 Feedback
- through verbal or non-verbal channels in response to messages from another person.
- response messages are acted upon: an adjustment of the content and style of communication may take place as a result of feedback.
Feedback canbe verbal as well as non-verbal.
—non-verbal signs are usually used unconsciously.
—the use of strategies(used consciously or unconsciously)
Conversation: a continuous process of feedback of messages and adjustment of each person's approach to communicating.
For whom the tolls swellFor whom the bells toll+Spoonerisms
William Archibald Spooner (b. London, 1844) is remembered for a peculiar speech error he was wont to make: the transposition of the initial letters (sounds) of adjoining words, often with humorous results.
Task: Figure out the original words of the following examples of spoonerism(s):
fighting a liar
you hissed my mystery lecture
cattle ships and bruisers
nosey little cook
a blushing crow
tons of soil
our queer old Dean
we'll have the hags flung out
you've tasted two worms
our shoving leopard
a half-warmed fish
is the bean dizzy?
know your blows
go and shake a tower
tease my ears
nicking your pose
you have very mad banners
lack of pies
it's roaring with pain
sealing the hick
go help me sod
bowel feast
I'm a damp stealer
wave the sails
chipping the flannel on TV
mad bunny
this is the pun fart
I hit my bunny phone
flutter by
bedding wells
I must mend the sail
cop porn
it crawls through the fax
my zips are lipped
bat flattery
would you like a nasal hut?
puke on
belly jeans
eye ball
fight in your race
ready as a stock
no tails
soul of ballad
Bloopers
"Canadian Broadcorping Castration"
"one swell foop"
"Work is the curse of the drinking class,"
"It's the bound grief I had for dinner!"
"Did you bake this kid's tyke?"
"the ex-tire finguisher".