Supplemental Table 1.Fruit and Vegetable Items in the Food Frequency Questionnaire And

Supplemental Table 1.Fruit and Vegetable Items in the Food Frequency Questionnaire And

Supplemental Table 1.Fruit and vegetable items in the food frequency questionnaire and pesticide data program, and corresponding scores for 1st, 2nd and 3rd measure, and PRBS.

Definition of measure contamination / 1st / 2nd / 3rd / PRBS
Items in FFQ / Items in PDP / score / score / score
peas or lima beans (FFC) / sweet pea, fz / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
dried plums or prunes / dried plum / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
onions / onions / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
beans or lentils / beans / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
avocado / avocado / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
corn (FFC) / corn, fz / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
cabbage or cole slaw / cabbage / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Orange juice, regular or calcium fortified / orange juice / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
tomato sauce / tomato paste / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
apple juice or cider / apple juice / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1
cauliflower / cauliflower / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1
grapefruit / grapefruit / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1
cantaloupe / cantaloupe / 0 / 1 / 1 / 2
tofu / soybeans / 2 / 0 / 0 / 2
bananas / bananas / 1 / 1 / 1 / 3
eggplant, summer squash, zucchini / eggplant, summer squash (0.5: 0.5)a / 0 / 2 / 1 / 3
yam or sweet potatoes / sweet potatoes / 1 / 2 / 0 / 3
oranges / oranges / 2 / 0 / 1 / 3
broccoli / broccoli / 1 / 1 / 1 / 3
carrots / carrots / 1 / 0 / 2 / 3
head lettuce, leaf lettuce / lettuce / 1 / 0 / 2 / 3
celery / celery / 1 / 0 / 2 / 3
tomatoes / tomatoes / 1 / 2 / 1 / 4
apple sauce / apple sauce / 2 / 0 / 2 / 4
blueberry (FFC) / blueberry, Fs, Fz (0.5:0.5)a / 2 / 0 / 2 / 4
kale, mustard, chard greens / kale / 1 / 2 / 1 / 4
winter squash / winter squash / 1 / 2 / 1 / 4
fresh apple or pear / apple, pear (0.7:0.3)a / 2 / 1 / 2 / 5
string beans / green beans / 1 / 2 / 2 / 5
grape or raisin / grape, raisin (0.6: 0.4)a / 2 / 1 / 2 / 5
potatoes / potatoes / 2 / 2 / 1 / 5
spinach, cooked / spinach, frozen / 1 / 2 / 2 / 5
peach or plum / peach, plum (0.7: 0.3)a / 2 / 2 / 2 / 6
strawberries (FFC) / strawberries, fresh / 2 / 2 / 2 / 6
spinach, raw / spinach, fresh / 2 / 2 / 2 / 6
green/yellow/red peppers / sweet peppers / 2 / 2 / 2 / 6

Abbreviations:FFC, fresh, frozen, or canned; Fs, fresh; Fz, frozen; PDP, pesticide data program; PRBS, pesticide residue burden score.

a Ratio weighted for pesticide residue for each produce according to the ratio of consumption of each producefrom the USDA report

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Supplemental table 2. Selective urinary pesticide metabolites and their corresponding parent compounds measured in the Environment and Reproductive Health Study.

Metabolites Abbreviation / Metabolite / Parent compound(s) / Chemical class / Intra-class correlations (95%CI )
TCPY / 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol / chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl / Organophosphate / 0.03 (0.00, 0.97)
PNP / para-Nitrophenol / parathion; methyl parathion / Organophosphate / 0.26 (0.12, 0.49)
IMPY / 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine / diazinon / Organophosphate / 0.26 (0.10, 0.53)
3-PBA / 3-phenoxybenzoic acid / cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, permethrin, tralomethrin / Pyrethroid / 0.37 (0.21, 0.56)
4-F-3-PBA / 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid / cyfluthrin / Pyrethroid / NA1
trans-DCCA / trans-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid / permethrin; cypermethrin; cyfluthrin / Pyrethroid / NA1
2,4-D / 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid / 2,4-Denoxyacetic acid (and its esters) / chlorophenoxy herbicide / 0.21 (0.08, 0.47)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NA, not available.

1Due to low detection frequency, we did not calculate intra-class correlations for 4-F-3PBA and trans-DCCA.

Supplemental table 3. Molar sum and individual concentrations of SG-adjusted urinary concentrations of pesticide biomarkers according to quartile of high pesticide residue fruit and vegetable intake, restricting the analysis where urine sample provided within 6 months to FFQ completion (84 men, 144 urine samples).

Quartile of high pesticide fruit and vegetable intake / Q1 / Q2 / Q3 / Q4 / P, trend
Range of intake (serving/day) / 0.2, 0.8 / 0.8, 1.2 / 1.2, 1.8 / 1.9, 4.3
N / 19 / 22 / 21 / 22
Number of urine samples / 31 / 38 / 37 / 38
Adjusted1 mean(95% CI) for summed2 values of urinary pesticide biomarkers
molar sum of the urinary pesticide metabolites(μmol/L) / 17 (14, 22) / 19 (15, 25) / 23 (17, 31) / 28 (21, 38)* / 0.02
sum of ranks of the urinary pesticide metabolites / 192 (170, 218) / 204 (178, 234) / 235 (204, 270) / 270 (234, 312)* / 0.0002
Adjusted1 mean (95%CI) for individual urinary pesticide biomarkers (μg/L)
TCPY concentrations / 1.00 (0.60, 1.68) / 0.72 (0.44, 1.17) / 1.02 (0.61, 1.71) / 1.49 (0.82, 2.70) / 0.09
IMPY concentrations / 0.16 (0.11, 0.23) / 0.20 (0.14, 0.30) / 0.24 (0.16, 0.35) / 0.25 (0.17, 0.38)* / 0.11
PNP concentrations / 0.56 (0.42, 0.75) / 0.51 (0.38, 0.69) / 0.73 (0.51, 1.05) / 0.85 (0.60, 1.19)* / 0.04
3-PBA concentrations / 0.52 (0.27, 0.98) / 0.63 (0.33, 1.18) / 0.76 (0.42, 1.38) / 0.92 (0.54, 1.57) / 0.15
2,4-D concentrations / 0.31 (0.24, 0.41) / 0.37 (0.24, 0.56) / 0.43 (0.32, 0.57) / 0.51 (0.36, 0.70)* / 0.01

Abbreviations: IMPY, 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-pyrimidine; PNP, para-nitrophenol; PRBS, pesticide residue burden score;SG-adjusted, specific gravity adjusted;TCPY, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol;2,4-D, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 3-PBA,3-phenoxybenzoic acid.

1Adjusting for age, race, BMI, total physical activity, smoking status, education, organic fruit and vegetable consumption, years and season of urine sample collections, and residential pesticide use history.

2 Including TCPY, IMPY, PNP, 3-PBA, and 2,4-D

*P-value <0.05 compared to men in the lowest quartile of intake.

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