Section 1: Energy Flow in the Ocean

Section 1: Energy Flow in the Ocean

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Marine Ecology

Section 1: Energy Flow in the Ocean

Energy in Marine Ecosystems

  1. How does energy flow in an ecosystem?
  1. What does “one way” mean?
  1. Trophic Levels –
  1. What happens to energy as it is passed from one trophic level to the next?
  1. What happens to organism size as you move up trophic levels in the marine ecosystem?

Constructing a Marine Food Web

Food web 1: / Food web 2:

Primary producers/Autotrophs -

Consumers/Heterotrophs –

Apex predator-

Interpreting a Marine Food Web

Divide this Food web into all its trophic levels and label them

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1)What is the primary Producer?
2)What is the apex predator?
3)Name some Primary consumers?
4)Name some secondary consumers? / 5)What would happen to the Krill population if the adult herring population increased?
6)What would happen to the comb jelly population if the Barnacle larvae population increased?
7)What would happen to the water flea population if the adult herring population decreased?

How energy enters the marine ecosystem

  1. What is the difference between energy in a terrestrial ecosystem and energy in a marine ecosystem?

Autotrophs /Primary Producers–

  1. What is the main primary producer on earth (and in the oceans)?

Chemosynthesis and Hydrothermal vents

  1. What is chemosynthesis?
  1. What are inorganic chemicals?
  1. How does chemosynthesis relate to photosynthesis?
  2. Photosynthesis:
  1. Chemosynthesis:
  2. O2 + CO2 + ______ C6H12O6 + ______

Chemosynthesis / Photosynthesis
Where does the energy to fuel this process come from
What type of organisms do this process
What kind of food is produces
What is released by these organism
  1. O2 + CO2 + ______ C6H12O6 + ______
  1. O2 + CO2 + ______ C6H12O6 + ______
  1. O2 +CO2 + ______ C6H12O6 + ______
  1. What types of organisms perform chemosynthesis?
  1. Where does chemosynthesis happen?
  1. Hydrothermal vents –

What is plankton?

Plankton-

  1. What are the 3 ways plankton is classified?
  1. How is plankton classified by size?

Net plankton –

  1. How is plankton classified by trophic level?
  2. Trophic level divides all plankton into 2 groups

Phytoplankton –

Examples of phytoplankton

Zooplankton –

Examples of Zooplankton

  1. How is plankton classified by the length of time an organisms spends as plankton?
  2. Holoplanktonare organisms that spend their entire life as plankton (bacteria)
  3. Meroplankton are organisms that only spend a portion of the life as plankton (larval forms of fish)

Growth of Plankton Populations

Plankton populations increase and decrease depending on the availability of sunlight and nutrients

Limiting Resources-

  1. What is the limiting resource on plankton growth in polar waters?
  1. What is the limiting resource on plankton growth in tropical waters?
  1. What is the limiting resource inon plankton growth temperate waters?

Seaweed

Seaweed -

  1. Why is seaweed not a considered to be a plant?
  1. How is seaweed classified?
  1. What is the purpose of a Pneumatocysts?

Marine Plants

Marine Plants –

3 Types of Marine plants:

  1. (Only True marine plant)
  1. What is the regional difference between cord grass and mangroves?
  1. Why are mangrove roots above ground?

Organism Interactions

Symbiosis- any relationship where two species live closely together

  1. Mutualism-

Example:

  1. Commensalism –

Example:

  1. Parasitism –

Example:

  1. Predation -
  1. Why predation is not considered a symbiotic relationship?
  1. What is the difference between predation and parasitism?

Nutrient Cycles

  1. Where do nutrients come from?
  1. Why are nutrients important to organisms?
  1. How do dead organisms supply nutrients?

i)Detrius -

  1. What are the three nutrients that cycle in the marine ecosystem?