Table S1. Plant materials,species names and origin of Pistacia accessions used in thisstudy.

No. / Accession code / Species name / Origin / Altitude (a.s.l.)
1 / P1 / P. vera / Iran / 900–2000
2 / P10 / P. vera / Iran
3 / P21 / P. vera / Iran
4 / P11 / P. vera / Iran
5 / P13 / P. vera / Iran
6 / P17 / P. vera / Iran
7 / P2 / P. vera / Iran
8 / P22 / P. vera / Iran
9 / P24 / P. vera / Iran
10 / P15 / P. vera / Iran
11 / P18 / P. khinjuk / Mediterranean region / 1500–2500
12 / P5 / P. khinjuk / Mediterranean region
13 / P7 / P. khinjuk / Mediterranean region
14 / P12 / P. khinjuk / Mediterranean region
15 / P16 / P. khinjuk / Mediterranean region
16 / P19 / P. khinjuk / Mediterranean region
17 / P3 / P. khinjuk / Mediterranean region
18 / P23 / P. khinjuk / Mediterranean region
19 / P25 / P. khinjuk / Mediterranean region
20 / P14 / P. khinjuk / Mediterranean region
21 / P20 / P. khinjuk / Mediterranean region
22 / P4 / P. khinjuk / Mediterranean region
23 / P9 / P. khinjuk / Mediterranean region
24 / P6 / P. khinjuk / Mediterranean region
25 / P8 / P. khinjuk / Mediterranean region
26 / P26 / P. atlantica / Asia / 1500–2000
27 / P27 / P. atlantica / Asia
28 / P28 / P. atlantica / Asia
29 / P29 / P. atlantica / Asia
30 / P30 / P. atlantica / Asia
31 / P31 / P. atlantica / Asia
32 / P32 / P. atlantica / Asia
33 / P33 / P. atlantica / Asia
34 / P34 / P. mutica / Mediterranean region / 1500–2000
35 / P36 / P. mutica / Mediterranean region
36 / P37 / P. mutica / Mediterranean region
37 / P35 / P. mutica / Mediterranean region
38 / P43 / P. mutica / Mediterranean region
39 / P44 / P. mutica / Mediterranean region
40 / P45 / P. mutica / Mediterranean region
41 / P49 / P. mutica / Mediterranean region
42 / P50 / P. eurycarpa / Asia / 1900–2900
43 / P51 / P. eurycarpa / Asia
44 / P48 / P. eurycarpa / Asia
45 / P46 / P. eurycarpa / Asia
46 / P47 / P. eurycarpa / Asia
47 / P52 / P. eurycarpa / Asia
48 / P42 / P. eurycarpa / Asia
49 / P53 / P. eurycarpa / Asia
50 / P54 / P. eurycarpa / Asia
51 / P38 / P. eurycarpa / Asia
52 / P39 / P. eurycarpa / Asia
53 / P40 / P. eurycarpa / Asia
54 / P41 / P. eurycarpa / Asia
55 / P85 / P. palaestina / Mediterranean region
56 / P99 / P. palaestina / Mediterranean region
57 / P86 / P. palaestina / Mediterranean region
58 / P56 / P. palaestina / Mediterranean region
59 / P57 / P. palaestina / Mediterranean region
60 / P58 / P. palaestina / Mediterranean region
61 / P59 / P. palaestina / Mediterranean region
62 / P82 / P. palaestina / Mediterranean region
63 / P55 / P. palaestina / Mediterranean region
64 / P62 / P. palaestina / Mediterranean region
65 / P67 / P. terebinthus / Mediterranean region
66 / P63 / P. terebinthus / Mediterranean region
67 / P65 / P. terebinthus / Mediterranean region
68 / P61 / P. terebinthus / Mediterranean region
69 / P74 / P. terebinthus / Mediterranean region
70 / P76 / P. terebinthus / Mediterranean region
71 / P75 / P. terebinthus / Mediterranean region
72 / P69 / P. terebinthus / Mediterranean region
73 / P70 / P. terebinthus / Mediterranean region
74 / P64 / P. chinensis / China
75 / P91 / P. chinensis / China
76 / P71 / P. chinensis / China
77 / P94 / P. chinensis / China
78 / P96 / P. falcata / China
79 / P95 / P. falcata / China
80 / P92 / P. falcata / China
81 / P60 / P. falcata / China
82 / P98 / P. falcata / China
83 / P83 / P. falcata / China
84 / P66 / P. falcata / China
85 / P72 / P. falcata / China
86 / P88 / P. falcata / China
87 / P90 / P. falcata / China
88 / P72 / P. falcata / China
89 / P78 / P. falcata / China
90 / P79 / P. falcata / China
91 / P80 / P. integerrima / Asia
92 / P89 / P. integerrima / Asia
93 / P81 / P. integerrima / Asia
94 / P100 / P. integerrima / Asia
95 / P73 / P. integerrima / Asia
96 / P83 / P. integerrima / Asia
97 / P84 / P. integerrima / Asia
98 / P97 / P. integerrima / Asia
99 / P68 / P. integerrima / Asia
100 / P93 / P. integerrima / Asia

Table S2 Primers used in the present study

Number / Primer name / Sequence / Reference
1 / PAL1RTA / TCTCCAAATCTCCTCACAACC / Reichert et al. 2009
2 / PAL1RTB / AGCTGCCATTTCCCAATTC / Reichert et al. 2009
3 / PAL2RTA / CCAGGATCTTTCTACCCATCC / Reichert et al. 2009
4 / PAL2RTB / GTGCAACACCAGCCATTTTT / Reichert et al. 2009
5 / PAL1UTR5 / CAATTCTTAGCCATTTTCTC / Reichert et al. 2009
6 / P1UTR5 / TCTTCTCCAAATCTCCTCACAA / Reichert et al. 2009
7 / P2UTR5 / AAACCAACCCCTTTACACTTTTAC / Reichert et al. 2009
8 / P3UTR5 / AACCCAATTCTTGCTCCAAA / Reichert et al. 2009
9 / P4UTR5 / ACTTCTTCATTTTCTAGCCATTTCT / Reichert et al. 2009
10 / P1/4UTR3 / CACACTGTCACTTTTCATTAGG / Reichert et al. 2009
11 / P2/3UTR3 / CAACAGAGTTTACAATTAATCAACCT / Reichert et al. 2009
12 / P4UTR3 / TATACTGAAAAGAGACATATACAA / Reichert et al. 2009
13 / PAL1/4Ande / CGCGCATATGGCATCAAATGGTC / Reichert et al. 2009
14 / PAL2/3Ande / CGCGCATATGGCTGGTGTTGCACAAAATG / Reichert et al. 2009
15 / PAL1BpET15 / CTAACTCGAGCTAACAGATAGGAAGAGGAG / Reichert et al. 2009
16 / PAL2BpET15 / CTCACTCGAGCTAACAGATTGGAAGAGGTG / Reichert et al. 2009
17 / PAL3BpET15 / CACTCGAGCTAACAGATTGGAAGAGGA / Reichert et al. 2009
18 / PAL4BpET15 / CTAACTCGAGCTAACAGATAGGTAGAGGAG / Reichert et al. 2009
19 / PAL1BpET29 / CTAACTCGAGACAGATAGGAAGAGGAGCACC / Reichert et al. 2009
20 / PAL2BpET29 / CTCACTCGAGACAGATTGGAAGAGGTGC / Reichert et al. 2009
21 / PAL3BpET29 / CACTCGAGACAGATTGGAAGAGGAGC / Reichert et al. 2009
22 / PAL4BpET29 / CTAACTCGAGACAGATAGGTAGAGGAGCACC / Reichert et al. 2009
23 / P1F / TGAGTTGTGCAAAAAATCAG / Reichert et al. 2009
24 / P2F / CAAAAGATAATGTTAAAACTGTT / Reichert et al. 2009
25 / P3F / CAAAAGATAATGCTAAAACTGTA / Reichert et al. 2009
26 / P4F / GTGCAAGAAATCATCAGCCACT / Reichert et al. 2009
27 / P1R / GGTAAAACAGCCTTCAATTCA / Reichert et al. 2009
28 / P2R / CACTTTCCAGCGCGGC / Reichert et al. 2009
29 / P3R / CCCATTTTCCAGCGAGAT / Reichert et al. 2009
30 / P4R / GACTCTTTCTCCTGTTAGTAG / Reichert et al. 2009
31 / PAL1-F-Seg1 / GTTAAAACTGTTAAAGTTGAACTTTCTGAAGAG / Reichert et al. 2009
32 / PAL1-R-Seg1 / GCTCCACTTTAACACCATTTGCACTTTTGTCCCTAAC / Reichert et al. 2009
33 / PAL2-F-Seg1 / GTGCAAATGGTGTTAAAGTGGAGCTTTCTGAAG / Reichert et al. 2009
34 / PAL2-R-Seg1 / GTTCAACTTTAACAGTTTTAACATTATCTTTTGC / Reichert et al. 2009
35 / PAL1-F-Seg2 / ATTAACAGCAACATTACTCCATG / Reichert et al. 2009
36 / PAL1-R-Seg2 / CATGGAGTAATGTTGCTGTTAAT / Reichert et al. 2009
37 / PAL2-F-Seg2 / CTTAACCACAATGTTACTCCATG / Reichert et al. 2009
38 / PAL2-R-Seg2 / CATGGAGTAACATTGTGGTTAAG / Reichert et al. 2009
39 / PAL1-F-Seg3 / GGAAGAAAATCTGAGGAATGC / Reichert et al. 2009
40 / PAL1-R-Seg3 / GCATTCCTCAGATTTTCTTCC / Reichert et al. 2009
41 / PAL2-F-Seg3 / GGAAGAAAACTTAAAGAATGC / Reichert et al. 2009
42 / PAL2-R-Seg3 / GCATTCTTTAAGTTTTCTTCC / Reichert et al. 2009
43 / P1AG495D / CAACCAAGATGTCAACTCCTTAGACTTAATCTCAGCAAGGAAAACAG / Reichert et al. 2009
44 / P1BG495D / CTGTTTTCCTTGCTGAGATTAAGTCTAAGGAGTTGACATCTTGGTTG / Reichert et al. 2009
45 / P2HAnde / ACATATGTACCCATACGATGTTCCAGATTACGCTGCTGGTGTTGCACAAAATG / Reichert et al. 2009
46 / P4HAnde / ACATATGTACCCATACGATGTTCCAGATTACGCTGCATCAAATGGTCATGTTAATGGA / Reichert et al. 2009
47 / PAL1Fsac / CAGAGCTCGATGGCATCAAATGGTC / Reichert et al. 2009
48 / PAL1Bnot / CTAAGCGGCCGCCTAACAGATAGGAAGAG / Reichert et al. 2009
49 / ClPAL1-F: / 5′-ATGAAACCCAACACTTGCAATA-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
50 / ClPAL1-R: / 5′-ACAGAGGCCACAGGACAG-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
51 / ClPAL2-F: / 5′-ATGGCCAACTCTGAATTTCTC-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
52 / ClPAL2-R: / 5′-CAGTAGAATATGCCCTAATTCTTC-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
53 / ClPAL3-F: / 5′-ATGGCGGAATCCGGTCAC-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
54 / ClPAL3-R: / 5′-GCACTATCTTTGTTCATGGTTC-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
55 / ClPAL4-F: / 5′-ATGGCACCCGTTGATCAAAC-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
56 / ClPAL4-R: / 5′-AGATCGTTCGATGTCGCTG-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
57 / ClPAL5-F: / 5′-TGGCATCTTTTCAAAAGATTGAAG-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
58 / ClPAL5-R: / 5′-GTTTGGTCTAATTCCTCTCTATGC-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
59 / ClPAL6-F: / 5′-ATGGCACCAACTCAATTCCA-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
60 / ClPAL6-R: / 5′-ACGATCCGTTGTTTCATGTG-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
61 / ClPAL7-F: / 5′-ATGGCACCTGCCCAATTG-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
62 / ClPAL7-R: / 5′-GTACAAATCTTCAACGGATAGG-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
63 / ClPAL8-F: / 5′-ATGGAGACCATCTGCAAGAG-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
64 / ClPAL8-R: / 5′-CTTATCATGAAAGGCTGAGGG-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
65 / ClPAL9-F: / 5′-ATGGCCCTAGTCAAGACCA-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
66 / ClPAL9-R: / 5′-ATCATCGGACAAATCGTGCA-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
67 / ClPAL10-F: / 5′-ATGGCCCAAAAGGTTTGTG-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
68 / ClPAL10-R: / 5′-CAATTTGAAGTGTGTGGTCC-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
69 / ClPAL11-F: / 5′-ATGGCTTCCAAAAATAATGATTC-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
70 / ClPAL11-R: / 5′-TGCAGGTTGAAATTCAACTAATG-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
71 / ClPAL12-F: / 5′-ATGGAATTCCATCCGGAAAATG-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
72 / ClPAL12-R: / 5′-TATCCTTGTATGGACACAACAG-3′ / Dong and Shang 2013
73 / PAL P1 F / ACAAATGGACATRTTAAT / Chang et al. 2008
74 / PAL P4 R / GATAGGTTGATGACATT-3 / Chang et al. 2008
75 / PAL P3 F / GAATTCACTGACTATTT / Chang et al. 2008
76 / PAL P2 R / CTTCTATGAGATGTTGC / Chang et al. 2008
77 / PAL P3 F / GAATTCACTGACTATTT / Chang et al. 2008
78 / PAL P4R / GATAGGTTGATGACATT / Chang et al. 2008

Table S3 Eigen value, percentage of variability explained by each coordinate and accumulated variability for PAL-based DNA data.

Principal coordinate / Eigen value / % Variability / Accumulatedcoordinate variability
1 / 37.69 / 37.69 / 37.69
2 / 11.76 / 11.76 / 49.46
3 / 7.11 / 7.11 / 56.58
4 / 5.16 / 5.16 / 61.74
5 / 4.93 / 4.93 / 66.68
6 / 3.53 / 3.53 / 70.21
7 / 3.04 / 3.04 / 73.26
8 / 2.88 / 2.88 / 76.14
9 / 2.42 / 2.42 / 78.57
10 / 2.30 / 2.30 / 80.88
11 / 1.85 / 1.85 / 82.74
12 / 1.66 / 1.66 / 84.40
13 / 1.55 / 1.55 / 85.96