A.P. Psychology
/ Name: ______Date: ______
Hour: ______
Facial Recognition –
Cognitive Development through Schemas
Schema - a concept or framework that organizes and interprets informationAssimilation –
Example: / Accommodation –
Example:
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Typical Age Range / Description of Stage / Developmental PhenomenaBirth à 2 years /
Sensorimotor
Experiencing the world through senses and actions (looking, touching, mouthing, and grasping) / · Object permanence· Stranger anxiety
· Circular reactions
· Self recognition (1 year – 18 months)
2 years à 6 or 7 years /
Preoperational
Representing things with words and images; use intuitive rather than logical thinking / · Pretend play· Scale errors
· Egocentrism
· Language Development
· Animism
6 or 7 years à 11 years /
Concrete Operational
Thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations / · Conservation· Mathematical transformations
· Seriation
12 years à adulthood /
Formal Operational
Abstract reasoning / · Abstract logic· Scientific reasoning
· Potential for mature moral reasoning
Circular Reactions –
Primary - Secondary - Tertiary –
DeLoache Study –
Animistic thinking –
Seriation –
Egocentrism –
Conservation –
Social Development
Early Factors in Social Development
How does smiling play a role in social development?
Temperament –
How does temperament play a role in social development?
Origins of Attachment
Basic Trust –
· a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy
· said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers
Self Concept –
Parenting Styles
Style / Emotional Involvement / Authority / AutonomyAuthoritative / Parent is warm, attentive, and sensitive to child’s needs and interests. / Parent makes reasonable demands for the child’s maturity level; explains and enforces rules. / Parent permits child to make decisions in accord with developmental readiness; listens to child’s viewpoint.
Authoritarian / Parent is cold and rejecting, frequently degrades the child. / Parent is highly demanding; may use coercion by yelling, commanding, criticizing, and reliance on punishment. / Parent makes most decisions for the child; rarely listens to child’s viewpoint.
Permissive / Parent is warm but may spoil the child. / Parent makes few or no demands – often out of misplaced concern for child’s self-esteem. / Parent permits child to make decisions before child is ready.
Uninvolved
(Neglectful) / Parent is emotionally detached, withdrawn and inattentive. / Parents make few or no demands – often lacking interest or expectations for the child. / Parent is indifference to child’s decisions and point of view.
Importance of parenting –
correlation between parenting and social competence in children.
Social Development WorksheetA.P. Psychology / Name: ______
Date: ______
Hour: ______
Directions: Indicate which stage of Piaget’s development theory the child is at. Explain your answer.
1. Baby Carmen has realized that when she kicks her legs in the air in her crib, it moves the mobile hanging above her, which she finds very pleasurable.
2. Baby Jesse walks up to his Grandma and says something about the dream he had last night. When his grandmother asks what the dream was about, he says to her “Grammy, don’t you remember? You were there.”
3. While you are babysitting, you are making an attempt to play with Baby Greg. Greg is playing tea party with all his stuffed animals. Whenever you try to serve one of his animals, he corrects you on what they would like to eat, and can’t believe you can’t just ask them yourself.
4. You present Tabby with two glasses full of milk. As she watches, you pour one of the glasses completely into a taller glass. You ask Tabby which glass has more milk in it. She responds, “That’s silly. They have the same amount dummy!”
Directions: Indicate what type of circular reaction the child is exhibiting. Explain your answer.
5. Little Jimmy is blowing air when he accidentally blows upward and into his nose. He laughs from the sensation and likes doing it so he repeats it over and over.
Directions: Indicate what type of attachment the child is exhibiting. Explain your answer.
6. When Billy’s mom leaves the room, he is extremely distressed and cries. He doesn’t explore much and continues crying. When his mom returns, Billy is not comforted by her presence. He continues to cry when re-united with her.
Directions: Indicate which style of parenting is being described. Explain your answer.
7. David’s parents have very rigid punishments if he does not do well in school. On the other hand, there is no reward for good grades at home. He has tried to explain to them that he is giving up in math class, but they just threaten his with more punishment.
8. Juan’s mom expects him to get at least a 3.5 each semester. At home, she always asks about his homework and tries to help him when he needs guidance. She always attends parent-teacher conferences and stays up-to-date with Juan’s life as much as she can.
9. Sean’s parents are extremely laid back. He doesn’t do well in school but his parents do not punish him because they are concerned it will damage his self-esteem. They are aware of his drug use with friends but don’t acknowledge it. When he asks them for money, they always give what they can. Sean’s parents also allow him and his girlfriend to drink alcohol in their basement.
10. Enrique comes home in a drunken stupor one night. He is also smoking and is hanging out with girls that are clearly younger than he is. As he walks through the front door, his father doesn’t even acknowledge him. Enrique asks if the girls can spend the night. “I could care less,” his father responds. “Do whatever you want, just don’t bother me."
Answer the following on a separate sheet (minimum 1 page) of paper. Use support.
11. You are a child psychologist and you have a received a letter from a mother who is worried about sending her child to a day-care nursery. Write a brief letter to her advising her what to do. Support all your recommendations and advice with support.