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The Metal Roofing and Cladding Association of Australia Limited (MRCAA) Feedback
DRAFT CODE OF PRACTICE - Preventing Falls in Housing Construction
The MRCAA believe the requirement indicated for battenspacing, in particular when the (position of the supporting members are at 900mm or in excess of 900mm). The requirement as a safety item is excessive with regards to spanning capacity of the various roofing products. It would be far more economical to supply and installsafety mesh, than it would be to place battens and or purlins at 450mm centres.
The code only indicates conventional or truss type roof framework, there arenumerous "Architecturally designed" domestic projects where there has been theuse of steel sub frame, combined with the use of either metalbattensor purlins.
These supporting frames are often spaced at centres exceeding 900mm+
The current draft of the code would add unnecessary significant cost to the supply and installation of a metal roofing system.
We believe there needs to be more scope for flexibility it adopting a safe work method forinstalling a metal roof, the typical examples may suit "corrugated profile"on a "typical" project homehowever, there are many homes constructed which do not fall into this category
Perhaps it is difficult to cover all scenarios, but from ourinterpretation of the code, it would seem anything outside of the "corrugated profile"on a "typical" project homecould become a contentious issue should an accident occur. Particularly if there has been no scope for variance on the code toallow the installation of a metal roof outside of the methods documented
The draft codestates "Although there are similarities in the methods used to install metal and tile roofing"....this may be the case. However most, if not all, tile roofs have battens installed at approximately 300mm centres which is a product requirementnot safety related.
This Association is concerned that a limit of 2m as a falls distance without protection can lead to injuries as persons could assume that no risk assessment etc., is required at less than this height to the next flat surface.
The MRCAA has attached below a copy of the Draft Code of Practice and indicated in red our concerns to assist in locating relevant sections.
PREVENTING FALLS IN HOUSING CONSTRUCTION
Draft
Code of Practice
Table of Contents
FOREWORD 3
SCOPE AND APPLICATION 3
1. INTRODUCTION 5
1.1 Who has health and safety duties in relation to falls? 5
1.2 The meaning of key terms 6
1.3 What is required to manage the risk of falls? 6
2. SAFE WORK METHODS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE 8
2.1 The hierarchy of risk control 8
2.2 Uneven land (including, cliffs, banks, holes) 8
2.3 Excavations or trenches into which a person could fall 9
2.4 Elevated timber floor or concrete slab from which a person could fall 9
2.5 Standing/erecting the walls for the ground floors 9
2.6 Installing floor joists/beams for the first and second floors 9
2.7 Installing flooring sheets at the first and second floor levels 9
2.8 Standing/erecting the walls for the first or second floor levels 10
2.9 Loading the wall frame with trusses/roof framing 11
2.10 Placing, standing and fixing trusses/rafters to create a roof frame 12
2.11 Fixing roof battens to trusses / rafters 17
2.12 Fixing fascias and gutters 19
2.13 Installing roof membrane 19
3. TEMPORARY ACCESS AND EDGE PROTECTION 21
3.1 Guardrailing as edge protection 21
3.2 Catch platforms on scaffolds and hanging brackets 23
3.3 Bricklayer’s heavy duty trestles 24
3.4 Hanging brackets incorporating edge protection 24
3.5 Ladders 25
APPENDIX A – OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION 27
FOREWORD
This Code of Practice on how to prevent the risks of falls in housing construction is an approved code of practice under section 274 of the Work Health and Safety Act.
An approved code of practice is a practical guide to achieving the standards of health, safety and welfare required under the Work Health and Safety Act (the WHS Act) and the Work Health and Safety Regulations (the Regulations).
A code of practice applies to anyone who has a duty of care in the circumstances described in the code. In most cases, following an approved code of practice would achieve compliance with the health and safety duties in the WHS Act, in relation to the subject matter of the code. Like regulations, codes of practice deal with particular issues and do not cover all hazards or risks which may arise. The health and safety duties require duty holders to consider all risks associated with work, not only those for which regulations and codes of practice exist.
Codes of practice are admissible in court proceedings under the WHS Act and Regulations. Courts may regard a code of practice as evidence of what is known about a hazard, risk or control and may rely on the code in determining what is reasonably practicable in the circumstances to which the code relates. The MRCAA considers that this code is not designed or written to the latest architectural and design standards therefore it makes it extremely questionable as to the possible extent of litigation because the code has been designed to the normal standard project design home and includes measurements etc., that make it not to the latest technology. The code must be directed to requiring people design safety systems no matter the design of the building.
Compliance with the WHS Act and Regulations may be achieved by following another method, such as a technical or an industry standard, if it provides an equivalent or higher standard of work health and safety than the code. The MRCAA considers that this section needs to be emphasised more than the preceding paragraph.
An inspector may refer to an approved code of practice when issuing an improvement or prohibition notice. An inspector should be of sufficient knowledge of safety principles that he should be able to assess a competent safety system without the need to refer to codes.
This Code of Practice has been developed by Safe Work Australia as a model code of practice under the Council of Australian Governments’ Inter-Governmental Agreement for Regulatory and Operational Reform in Occupational Health and Safety for adoption by the Commonwealth, state and territory governments.
A draft of this Code of Practice was released for public consultation on 26 September 2011 and was endorsed by the Select Council on Workplace Relations on [to be completed].
SCOPE AND APPLICATION
The Code provides practical guidance for persons conducting a business or undertaking who have duties under the WHS Act and the Regulations to eliminate and minimise the risk of falls in housing construction. The MRCAA considers that this code does not give good guidance as it is set around timber framed buildings and if you look at building design today the use of steel framing and steel portal frame structure in housing is increasing due to designs wanting larger open spaces.
This Code will help to identify hazards and eliminate or minimise the risk of falls when working on the construction or extension of:
· detached houses
· attached dwellings, separated from each other by a fire resisting wall, such as terrace, row or town houses
· boarding and guest houses, hostels or similar with a floor area <300m², and
· ancillary buildings to the above, such as private garages, gazeboes and carports.
Note: The above points are based on Classes 1, 2 and 10 of the Building Code of Australia.
This Code does not apply to multi-storey buildings (i.e. above two habitable storeys).
This Code should be read in conjunction with the Code of Practice: How to Prevent Falls at Workplaces and the Code of Practice: Managing Risks in Construction Work.
How to use this Code
In providing guidance, the word ‘should’ is used in this Code to indicate a recommended course of action, while ‘may’ is used to indicate an optional course of action.
This Code also includes various references to provisions of the WHS Act and regulations to provide context with legal requirements. These references are not exhaustive.
The words ‘must’, ‘requires’ or ‘mandatory’ indicate that these legal requirements exist, which must be complied with.
INTRODUCTION
Falls are a major cause of death and serious injury in Australian workplaces. Fall hazards are found when carrying out common tasks in the construction of a typical one or two storey house (see Figure 1). Falls can also occur at ground level into holes, for example trenches or service pits.
Figure 1: Potential falls in the housing construction industry
1.1 Who has health and safety duties in relation to falls?
A person conducting a business or undertaking has the primary duty under the WHS Act to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that workers and other persons are not exposed to health and safety risks arising from the business or undertaking.
A person conducting a business or undertaking has more specific obligations under the WHS Regulations to manage the risk of a fall by a person from one level to another, including requirements to:
· ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that any work involving the risk of a fall is carried out on the ground or on a solid construction
· provide safe means of access to and exit from the workplace, and
· minimise the risk of falls so far as is reasonably practicable by providing a fall prevention device, work positioning system or a fall arrest system.
The WHS Regulations classify a number of activities as ‘high risk construction work’ for which a safe work method statement (SWMS) must be prepared before the work starts. High risk construction work includes work that involves a risk of a person falling more than 2 metres. Further information on developing a SWMS can be found in the Code of Practice: Managing Risks in Construction Work.
Designers, manufacturers, suppliers, importers and installers of plant or structures that could be used for work must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that the plant or structure is without risks to health and safety. Designers of plant or structures have an important role in eliminating or minimising the risks of falls in the design stage.
Officers, such as company directors, have a duty to exercise due diligence to ensure that the business or undertaking complies with the WHS Act and Regulations. This includes taking reasonable steps to ensure that the business or undertaking has and uses appropriate resources and processes to eliminate or minimise risks of falls from one level to another that are likely to cause injury.
Workers have a duty to exercise due diligence to ensure that the business or undertaking complies with the WHS Act and Regulations and to take reasonable care for their own health and safety and that they do not adversely affect the health and safety of other persons. Workers must comply with any reasonable instruction given by the person conducting the business or undertaking.
1.2 The meaning of key terms
Fall means a fall by a person from one level to another. What is actually meant as one level to another, this seems ambiguous as one level to another could mean one floor to the next floor, from floor joist to ground level, what actually does it mean?
Risk of a fall means a circumstance that exposes a worker while at work, or other person while at or in the vicinity of a workplace, to a risk of a fall that is reasonably likely to cause injury to the worker or other person. This includes circumstances in which the worker or other person is:
· in or on plant or a structure that is at an elevated level
· in or on plant that is being used to gain access to an elevated level
· in the vicinity of an opening through which a person could fall
· in the vicinity of an edge over which a person could fall
· on or in the vicinity of a surface through which a person could fall, or
· on or near the vicinity of a slippery, sloping or unstable surface.
Risk control means taking action to eliminate health and safety risks so far as is reasonably practicable, and if that is not possible, minimising the risks so far as is reasonably practicable. Eliminating a hazard will also eliminate any risks associated with that hazard.
Competent person means a person who has acquired through training, qualification or experience the knowledge and skills to carry out the task. Any inspector under this code should be required to satisfy this section as a competent person.
1.3 What is required to manage the risk of falls?
In order to manage risk under the WHS Regulations, a duty holder must:
a) identify reasonably foreseeable hazards that could give rise to the risk
b) eliminate the risk so far as is reasonably practicable
c) if it is not reasonably practicable to eliminate the risk – minimise the risk so far as is reasonably practicable by implementing control measures in accordance with the hierarchy of risk control